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作者：Kossoudji, SA; Cobb-Clark, DA
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Australian National University
摘要：The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) granted amnesty to approximately 1.7 million long-term unauthorized workers in an effort to bring them out of the shadows and improve their labor market opportunities. An analysis of wages using panel data for a sample of legalized men provides evidence that wage determinants are structurally different after amnesty for them but not for the comparison group as measured during the same time periods. The wage penalty for being unauthorized is es...
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作者：Zucker, LG; Darby, MR; Torero, M
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Breakthroughs with natural excludability are transferred to industry by top academic scientists (stars) working in or with firms. Movement to firms depends on scientists' quality, moving costs, and reservation wage. Scientists' quality, moving costs, trial frequency, interfering academic offers, and productivity of stars already in firms determine reservation wage. In group-duration analysis for biotechnology, stars move to firms faster as their quality, human focus, and outside coauthorships ...
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作者：DeSimone, J
作者单位：University of North Carolina; East Carolina University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article investigates the relationship between employment and the use of marijuana and cocaine for males in National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data from 1984 and 1988. Previous studies yielding mixed evidence may have inadequately accounted for the simultaneity between drug consumption and employment. I implement an instrumental variable procedure that identifies drug use with variables that are empirically unrelated to employment, including the regional cocaine price and a state mariju...
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作者：Taylor, BA; Trogdon, JG
作者单位：Baylor University; Duke University
摘要：The focus of tournament models has been rank-order compensation schemes whereby participants receive higher payments for higher relative performance, either incrementally or winner-takes-all. Our research focuses on a unique tournament that offers rewards for both winning and losing, specifically the National Basketball Association's regularly scheduled season of games. We examine three NBA seasons to determine whether team performance responded to changes in the underlying tournament incentiv...
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作者：Bowlus, A; Liu, HM; Robinson, C
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); National University of Singapore
摘要：A substantial literature has developed to estimate the true cyclicality of real wages, that is, composition bias free. Two major issues are addressed in this article: aggregation of heterogeneous workers and potential bias in the measurement of the labor input. A general analysis of the biases is presented, and alternative approaches in the literature are nested in a single framework. Estimates based on an efficiency units concept that avoids the usual aggregation problems are presented. Compo...
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作者：Gould, ED
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This study uses a model of comparative advantage to model the choice of workers into three broad occupations. The pursuit of comparative advantage is shown to reduce the level of inequality from what would occur in a random assignment of workers into occupations. However, after pricing the skills of workers separately within occupations, the results indicate that the sectors are becoming more similar in the way that they value workers' skills, thus reducing the importance of comparative advant...
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作者：Hannan, RL; Kagel, JH; Moser, DV
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：We report a gift exchange experiment. Firms make wage offers; workers respond by determining an effort level. Higher effort is more costly to workers, and firms have no mechanism for punishing or rewarding workers. Consistent with the gift exchange hypothesis, workers provide more effort at higher wages, but undergraduates provide substantially less effort than MBAs. Evidence suggests this results from differences in prior work experience. Firms' nonbinding effort requests are at least partial...
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作者：Carrington, WJ; McCue, K; Pierce, B
作者单位：United States Department of Labor
摘要：This article considers the impact of nondiscrimination (ND) rules in the federal tax code. Nondiscrimination rules limit within-firm inequality in the provision on nonwage benefits, but they place no corresponding limit on within-firm inequality in wages. Firms can skirt ND rules by moving workers with unusual benefits into part-time and seasonal positions because workers in such positions are excluded from some ND compliance calculations. We examine these issues empirically and find relations...
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作者：Paxson, C; Waldfogel, J
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We examine how child maltreatment-including neglect, physical and sexual abuse, and other forms of maltreatment-is affected by parental economic circumstances. Using state-level panel data on cases of maltreatment and numbers of children in foster care, we find that increases in the fractions of children with absent fathers and working mothers in a state are related to increases in many measures of maltreatment, as are increases in the share of families with two nonworking parents and those wi...
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作者：Zábojník, J
作者单位：University of Southern California; Queens University - Canada
摘要：This article identifies a new type of cost associated with centralization. If workers are liquidity constrained, it may be less costly to motivate a worker who is allowed to work on his own idea than a worker who is forced to follow the manager's idea. Thus, it may be optimal to let workers decide on the method for doing their job even if managers have better information. This conclusion holds even if more general contracts are considered that are based on communication of information between ...
