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作者：Heckman, James J.; Stixrud, Jora; Urzua, Sergio
作者单位：University of Chicago; University College Dublin
摘要：This article establishes that a low-dimensional vector of cognitive and noncognitive skills explains a variety of labor market and behavioral outcomes. Our analysis addresses the problems of measurement error, imperfect proxies, and reverse causality that plague conventional studies. Noncognitive skills strongly influence schooling decisions and also affect wages, given schooling decisions. Schooling, employment, work experience, and choice of occupation are affected by latent noncognitive and...
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作者：Falk, A; Ichino, A
作者单位：University of Bonn
摘要：We study subjects who were asked to fill letters into envelopes with a remuneration independent of output. In the pair treatment, two subjects worked at the same time in the same room, and peer effects were possible. In the single treatment, subjects worked alone, and peer effects were ruled out. We find evidence of peer effects in the pair treatment because the standard deviations of output are smaller within pairs than between pairs. Moreover, average output is higher in the pair treatment: ...
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作者：Baicker, Katherine; Chandra, Amitabh
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We estimate the effect of rising health insurance premiums on wages, employment, and the distribution of part-time and full-time work using variation in medical malpractice payments driven by the recent medical malpractice crisis. We estimate that a 10% increase in health insurance premiums reduces the aggregate probability of being employed by 1.2 percentage points, reduces hours worked by 2.4%, and increases the likelihood that a worker is employed only part time by 1.9 percentage points. Fo...
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作者：Sobel, J
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：This article contrasts supporting partnerships through relational contracting and supporting partnerships through formal legal institutions. A large population of players interact in bilateral relationships. Efficiency requires cooperation, but cheating yields a higher short-term payoff. There is a positive probability that the maximum feasible payoff available to a partnership decreases. Opportunistic behavior makes it impossible to realize the efficient outcome. A legal system can lead to ef...
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作者：Loury, LD
作者单位：Tufts University
摘要：The explanation typically given for longer tenure among workers who use informal contacts to find jobs is that relatives and friends reduce uncertainty about the quality of the match between worker and employer. An alternative explanation is that workers rely on informal information sources as a last resort. Such workers remain at their current jobs mainly because they have few alternative choices rather than because of better match quality. This article shows that the two different explanatio...
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作者：Coles, M; Masters, A
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY
摘要：This article considers optimal unemployment insurance (UI) in an equilibrium matching framework where wages are determined by strategic bargaining. It compares the outcome with the standard Nash bargaining approach, which can be interpreted as union wage bargaining with an insider/outsider distortion. It also shows that a coordinated policy approach, one that chooses job creation subsidies and UI optimally, generates a much greater welfare gain than a policy that simply varies UI payments by d...
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作者：Black, Dan A.; Smith, Jeffrey A.
作者单位：Syracuse University; University of Chicago; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Existing studies of the effects of college quality on wages typically rely on a single proxy variable for college quality. This study questions the wisdom of using a single proxy given that it likely contains substantial measurement error. We consider four econometric approaches to the problem that involve the use of multiple proxies for college quality: factor analysis, instruments variables, a method recently proposed by Lubotsky and Wittenberg, and a GMM estimator. Our estimates suggest tha...
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作者：Hotz, V. Joseph; Imbens, Guido W.; Klerman, Jacob A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We show how data from an evaluation in which subjects are randomly assigned to some treatment versus a control group can be combined with nonexperimental methods to estimate the differential effects of alternative treatments. We propose tests for the validity of these methods. We use these methods and tests to analyze the differential effects of labor force attachment (LFA) versus human capital development (HCD) training components with data from California's Greater Avenues to Independence (G...
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作者：Heckman, James J.; LaFontaine, Paul A.
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Using three sources of data, this article examines the direct economic return to General Educational Development (GED) certification for both native and immigrant high school dropouts. One data source the Current Population Survey (CPS)-is plagued by nonresponse and allocation bias from the hot deck procedure that biases the estimated return to the GED upward. Correcting for allocation bias and ability bias, there is no direct economic return to GED certification. An apparent return to GED cer...
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作者：Bohlmark, Anders; Lindquist, Matthew J.
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：We apply Haider and Solon's generalized errors-in-variables model to Swedish income tax data to produce estimates of the association between current and lifetime income. Our estimates demonstrate strong life-cycle patterns. This implies that the widespread use of current income as a proxy for lifetime income leads to inconsistent parameter estimates (i.e., life-cycle bias) even when the proxy is used as the dependent variable. Estimates for comparable cohorts of Swedish and American men demons...
