-
作者：Charness, Gary; Kuhn, Peter
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：We study worker behavior in an efficiency- wage environment in which coworkers' wages can influence a worker's effort. Theoretically, we show that an increase in workers' responsiveness to coworkers' wages should lead profit-maximizing firms to compress wages. Our laboratory experiments, by contrast, show that while workers' effort choices are highly sensitive to their own wages, effort is not affected by coworkers' wages. This casts doubt on the notion that workers' concerns with equity might...
-
作者：Aaronson, Daniel; Barrow, Lisa; Sander, William
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; DePaul University
摘要：We estimate the importance of teachers in Chicago public high schools using matched student-teacher administrative data. A one standard deviation, one semester improvement in math teacher quality raises student math scores by 0.13 grade equivalents or, over 1 year, roughly one-fifth of average yearly gains. Estimates are relatively stable over time, reasonably impervious to a variety of conditioning variables, and do not appear to be driven by classroom sorting or selective score reporting. Al...
-
作者：Chiappori, Pierre-Andre; Weiss, Yoram
作者单位：Columbia University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：There is some evidence that children of divorced parents do not perform as well as comparable children in intact families but that this gap declines with the aggregate divorce rate. We develop a model in which the higher expectations for remarriage associated with higher divorce rates can trigger an equilibrium in which divorced fathers make more generous transfers that benefit their children and the mother in the aftermath of divorce. As a result, the welfare loss of children from the separat...
-
作者：Dinopoulos, Elias; Zhao, Laixun
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Kobe University
摘要：The article embeds child labor in a standard general equilibrium, two-sector model of a small open economy facing perfectly competitive markets, efficiency wages, and free trade. The modern sector uses skilled adult labor and capital, and the agrarian sector uses unskilled (child and adult) labor and skilled adult labor. Trade policies, foreign direct investment, or both that increase the modern-sector output reduce the incidence of child labor. Emigration of skilled (unskilled) workers reduce...
-
作者：Varejao, Jose; Portugal, Pedro
作者单位：Universidade do Porto; Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：In this article we document the patterns of employment adjustment at the micro level. We find clear evidence of lumpy adjustment consistent with the presence of nonconvexities in the adjustment technology-inaction is pervasive, action spells are short-lived, and extreme adjustment episodes are responsible for a nontrivial share of employment adjustment. We also find that the probability of employment adjustment increases with the duration of inaction. The skill structure of the workforce, the ...
-
作者：Barron, John M.; Berger, Mark C.; Black, Dan A.
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; Syracuse University
摘要：The existence of counteroffers can lead to a variety of important labor-market features. This article develops a model of the selective use of counteroffers in which a firm decides whether to extend counteroffers after a worker informs the firm of an alternative offer. We outline factors that can influence the employer's net value of making a counteroffer and, thus, affect the likelihood of a counteroffer. We provide a new empirical analysis that examines whether proxies for these factors do, ...
-
作者：Lyle, DS
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Army; United States Military Academy
摘要：Military deployments and job assignments provide an opportunity to estimate the impact of parental absences and household relocations on children's academic achievement. Combining U. S. Army personnel data with children's standardized test scores from Texas, I find that parental absences adversely affect children's test scores by a tenth of a standard deviation. Likewise, household relocations have modest negative effects on children's test scores. Both parental absences and household relocati...
-
作者：Kenkel, Donald; Lillard, Dean; Mathios, Alan
作者单位：Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We analyze data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 on high school completion, smoking, and obesity. First, we investigate whether GED recipients differ from other high school graduates in their smoking and obesity behaviors. Second, we explore whether the relationships between schooling and these health-related behaviors are sensitive to controlling for background and ability measures. Third, we estimate instrumental variables models. Our results suggest that the returns to hi...
-
作者：Spitz-Oener, A
作者单位：Humboldt University of Berlin
摘要：Empirical work has been limited in its ability to directly study whether skill requirements in the workplace have been rising and whether these changes have been related to technological change. This article answers these questions using a unique data set from West Germany that enabled me to look at how skill requirements have changed within occupations. I show that occupations require more complex skills today than in 1979 and that the changes in skill requirements have been most pronounced i...
-
作者：Gibbons, R; Waldman, M
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：In previous work, we showed that a model that integrates job assignment, human capital acquisition, and learning can explain several empirical findings concerning wage and promotion dynamics inside firms. In this article, we extend that model in two ways. First, we incorporate schooling and derive further testable implications that we then compare with the available empirical evidence. Second, and more important, we show that introducing task-specific human capital allows us to produce cohort ...
