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作者：Colas, Mark; McDonough, Robert
作者单位：University of Oregon; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：US social transfer programs vary substantially across states, incentivizing households to locate in states with more generous transfer programs. Furthermore, transfer formulas often decrease in income, thereby rewarding low-income households for living in low-paying cities. We quantify these distortions by combining a spatial equilibrium model with a detailed model of transfer programs in the United States. The current system leads to locational inefficiency of 4.88% of total transfer spending...
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作者：Hara, Hiromi; Rodriguez-Planas, Nuria
作者单位：Meiji University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Queens College NY (CUNY); University of Barcelona
摘要：This paper explores whether a 1990 reform that eliminated gender-segregated and gender normative industrial arts and home economics classes in Japanese junior high schools led to behavioral changes two decades later, when students were married and in their early 40s. Using a regression discontinuity design and Japanese time use data from 2016, we find that the reform narrowed gender gaps in weekend home production and job-related activities by increasing (decreasing) men's engagement in tradit...
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作者：Barrow, Lisa; Morris, Wesley T.; Sartain, Lauren
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作者：De Groote, Olivier
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：I investigate high school tracking policies using a dynamic discrete choice model of study programs and unobserved effort. I estimate the model using data from Flanders (Belgium) and perform an ex ante evaluation of a policy that encourages underperforming students to switch to less academically oriented programs. This reduces grade retention by a third and dropout by 11%. Although it decreases college enrollment, the decrease in college graduation is small and insignificant. I also show that ...
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作者：Kaila, Martti; Nix, Emily; Riukula, Krista
作者单位：University of Glasgow; University of Southern California
摘要：Children's and parents' incomes are highly correlated, yet little is known about how early-career shocks contribute to this correlation. This paper focuses on a consequential labor market shock: job loss. We document three new results. First, adult children born into the bottom 20% of the income distribution have double the unemployment following job loss compared with those from the top 20% and 154% higher earnings losses. Second, this increases the rank-rank correlation 30% for those impacte...
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作者：Brown, Meta; Flinn, Christopher J.; Mullins, Joseph
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; New York University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：To assess the child welfare impact of policies governing divorced parenting, such as child support orders, child custody assignments, and marital dissolution standards, one must consider their influence not only on the divorce rate but also on spouses' fertility choices and child investments. We develop a model of fertility, parenting, and divorce, from which we derive estimates of parental preferences and a child cognitive ability production function, using data on parental time allocation, c...
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作者：Manski, Charles F.
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：Incomplete observability of data generates an identification problem. What one can learn about a population parameter depends on the assumptions one finds credible. Rubin has promoted random multiple imputation (RMI) as a general way to deal with missing values. The recommendation has been influential to researchers who seek a simple fix to the nuisance of missing data. This paper provides a transparent assessment of the mix of Bayesian and frequentist thinking used by Rubin to argue for RMI. ...
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作者：Barsbai, Toman; Steinmayr, Andreas; Winter, Christoph
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of Innsbruck
摘要：We analyze the impact of economic conditions at arrival on the economic integration of family-sponsored migrants in the United States. A 1 percentage point higher unemployment rate at arrival decreases annual wage income by 4% in the short run and 2% in the longer run. The loss in wage income results primarily from lower hourly wages due to occupational downgrading. Migrant and family networks help mitigate the negative labor market effects. Migrants who arrive during a recession take up occup...
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作者：Jordan, Andrew; Karger, Ezra; Neal, Derek
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine 70,581 felony court cases filed in Chicago, Illinois, from 1990 to 2007. We exploit case randomization to assess the impact of judge assignment and sentencing decisions on the arrival of new charges. We estimate separate treatment and outcome equations for first and repeat offenders. In marginal cases, incarceration creates large and lasting reductions in recidivism among first offenders. Yet among marginal repeat offenders, incarceration creates no lasting reductions in the inciden...
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作者：Mohnen, Paul
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：Exploiting cross-commuting zone differences in age composition among the old, this paper estimates the impact of retirements on youth labor market outcomes over the period 1980-2017. In commuting zones where fewer workers retire because of the initial age structure, there is no evidence of significant effects on youth employment, but the share of younger workers in high-skill jobs declines, while the share of younger workers in low-skill jobs rises. Fewer retirements also leads to declining yo...
