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作者：Chen, Stacey H.; Chen, Jennjou; Chuang, Hongwei; Lin, Tzu-Hsin
作者单位：University of Tokyo; National Chengchi University; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University Hospital
摘要：We use the medical specialties of physician-patients with advanced cancer to study the role of knowledge versus networks in treatment choices and patient survival by matching comparable patients with doctors and admission periods to control unobserved doctor quality. Physician-patients are less likely to have surgery, radiation, or checkups and more likely to receive targeted therapy, spend more on drugs, enjoy a higher survival rate, and spend less on coinsurance than nonphysician-patients. K...
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作者：Cnossen, Femke; Piracha, Matloob; Tchuente, Guy
作者单位：University of Groningen; University of Kent; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：Using text data from curricula of the entire Dutch vocational education system, we extract verbs and nouns to measure basic cognitive and cross-functional skills, such as social, technical, and resource management skills. This method allows us to uncover, at a fine-grained level, the skills middle-educated students learn at school. We then estimate the returns to these skills. Results show that resource management and social skills have the highest return. Importantly, the returns to skills ar...
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作者：Frimmel, Wolfgang; Halla, Martin; Paetzold, Joerg; Schmieder, Julia
作者单位：Johannes Kepler University Linz; Salzburg University; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：We estimate the impact of parental health on adult children's labor market outcomes. We focus on health shocks that increase care dependency abruptly. Our estimation strategy exploits the variation in the timing of shocks across treated families. Empirical results based on administrative data show a significant negative impact on the labor market activities of children. This effect is more pronounced for daughters and for children who live close to their parents. Informal caregiving is the mos...
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作者：Cheung, Maria; Egebark, Johan; Forslund, Anders; Laun, Lisa; Rodin, Magnus; Vikstrom, Johan
作者单位：Malmo University; Malmo University; Uppsala University
摘要：Using a two-level randomized experiment, we find that job search assistance (JSA) reduces unemployment among the treated but also creates displacement effects. Analyses of mechanisms show that vacancy referrals from caseworkers to job seekers explain the positive effects for the treated by helping the job seekers apply to the most relevant jobs earlier. We also find that the overall assessment of JSA hinges on how the displacement effects hit the labor market and to what extent firms react by ...
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作者：Lang, Kevin
作者单位：Boston University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Economists analyzing a well-conducted randomized controlled trial or natural experiment and finding a statistically significant effect conclude that the null of no effect is unlikely to be true. But how frequently is this conclusion warranted? The answer depends on the proportion of tested nulls that are true and the test's power. I model the distribution of t-statistics in leading economics journals. Using my preferred model, 65% of narrowly rejected null hypotheses and 41% of all rejected nu...
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作者：Waldman, Michael; Yin, Zhenda
作者单位：Cornell University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Peking University
摘要：We consider how adverse selection affects the efficiency of turnover and postturnover job assignments. In the model, when a high-ability worker is not promoted at the worker's current employer because of a lack of available managerial openings, it is efficient for the worker to move to a firm seeking a high-ability worker to promote. But this type of turnover does not occur given asymmetric information and adverse selection. We show that up-or-out contracts can be an efficient response to this...
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作者：Valder, Franziska
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：I investigate the link between access to the contraceptive pill, mental health, education, and labor market outcomes. Liberalizing education and labor market effects of access to the pill via its fertility control function are well established. More recently, however, a medical literature suggests a link between hormonal contraception and depression. Exploiting variation in access to the pill, I document substantial mental health effects of the pill. These mental health effects are driven by i...
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作者：Ockenfels, Axel; Sliwka, Dirk; Werner, Peter
作者单位：University of Cologne; Max Planck Society; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Cologne; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Maastricht University
摘要：We compare evaluations of employee performance by individuals and groups of supervisors, analyzing a formal model and running a laboratory experiment. The model predicts that multirater evaluations are more precise than single-rater evaluations if groups rationally aggregate their signals about employee performance. Our controlled laboratory experiment confirms this prediction and finds evidence that this can indeed be attributed to accurate information processing in the group. Moreover, when ...
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作者：Arendt, Jacob Nielsen; Dustmann, Christian; Ku, Hyejin
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：We immigration reform in Denmark that tightened refugee immigrants' eligibility criteria for permanent residency to incentivize their labor market attachment and acquisition of local language skills. Contrary to what the reform intended, the overall employment of those affected decreased, while their average language proficiency remained largely unchanged. This was caused by a disincentive effect, where individuals with low prereform labor market performance reduced their labor supply. Our fin...
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作者：Cheng, Wei; Weinberg, Bruce
作者单位：East China University of Science & Technology; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：The diffusion and use of new ideas is critical for producing innovations and realizing their potential. We explore how characteristics of innovators and potential adopters affect the adoption of important, new scientific ideas in networks. Using rich data on biomedical researchers and their networks, natural language processing, and a novel two-way fixed effects strategy, we find that new ideas introduced by female scientists are underutilized for two reasons. First, female innovators are less...
