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作者：Bastian, Jacob; Lochner, Lance
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：Parents spend considerable time and resources investing in their children's development. Given evidence that the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) affects maternal labor supply, we investigate how the maximum available EITC amount affects a broad array of time use activities, focusing on the amount and nature of time spent with children. Using 2003-18 time use data, we find that federal and state EITC expansions increase maternal work time, reducing time devoted to home production, leisure, and ...
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作者：Angrist, Joshua D.; Frandsen, Brigham
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Brigham Young University
摘要：The utility of machine learning (ML) for regression-based causal inference is illustrated by using lasso to select control variables for estimates of college characteristics' wage effects. Post-double-selection lasso offers a path to data-driven sensitivity analysis. ML also seems useful for an instrumental variables (IV) first stage, since two-stage least squares (2SLS) bias reflects overfitting. While ML-based instrument selection can improve on 2SLS, split-sample IV and limited information ...
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作者：Brown, Jessica H.; Herbst, Chris M.
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We estimate the impact of macroeconomic conditions on the child-care market. We find that the industry is substantially more exposed to the business cycle than other low-wage industries and responds more strongly to negative shocks than positive ones. Indeed, childcare employment requires more time to recover than the rest of the economy. Although the reduction in supply may pose difficulties for parents, we find evidence that center quality is countercyclical. When unemployment rates are high...
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作者：Card, David; Domnisoru, Ciprian; Taylor, Lowell
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Aalto University; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：School quality affects upward mobility in educational attainment. This conclusion comes from an analysis of families with coresident teenage children in the 1940 census. We study parents in the bottom quartile of the education distribution and define upward mobility as a generational move up the educational ladder to the top three quartiles of the child's cohort. At the state level, upward mobility is strongly tied to teacher wages. This relationship holds when we narrow our focus to families ...
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作者：Burn, Ian; Button, Patrick; Corella, Luis Munguia; Neumark, David
作者单位：University of Liverpool; Tulane University; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：We study ageist stereotypes reflected in job-ad language and age discrimination in hiring, exploiting job-ad text and evidence on age discrimination from a correspondence study. We develop and use methods from computational linguistics and machine learning. We find that language related to stereotypes of older workers sometimes predicts hiring discrimination against older men. This is the case for all three categories of age stereotypes we consider-health, personality, and skill. For women, we...
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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Autor, David; Hazell, Jonathon; Restrepo, Pascual
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Boston University
摘要：We study the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on labor markets using establishment-level data on the near universe of online vacancies in the United States from 2010 onward. There is rapid growth in AI-related vacancies over 2010-18 that is driven by establishments whose workers engage in tasks compatible with AI's current capabilities. As these AI-exposed establishments adopt AI, they simultaneously reduce hiring in non-AI positions and change the skill requirements of remaining posting...
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作者：Bolotnyy, Valentin; Emanuel, Natalia
作者单位：Stanford University; Harvard University
摘要：Female workers earn $0.89 for each male-worker dollar even in a unionized workplace, where tasks, wages, and promotion schedules are identical for men and women by design. Using administrative time-card data on bus and train operators, we show that this earnings gap can be explained by female operators taking fewer hours of overtime and more hours of unpaid time off than male operators. Female operators, especially those with dependents, pursue schedule conventionality, predictability, and con...
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作者：Cengiz, Doruk; Dube, Arindrajit; Lindner, Attila; Zentler-Munro, David
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University College London; University of London; University College London; University of Essex
摘要：We assess the effect of the minimum wage on labor market outcomes. First, we apply modern machine learning tools to predict who is affected by the policy. Second, we implement an event study using 172 prominent minimum wage increases between 1979 and 2019. We find a clear increase in wages of affected workers and no change in employment. Furthermore, minimum wage increases have no effect on the unemployment rate, labor force participation, or labor market transitions. Overall, these findings p...
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作者：Eren, Ozkan; Lovenheim, Michael F.; Mocan, H. Naci
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University
摘要：We present the first analysis of the effect of grade retention on adult criminal convictions, exploiting test cutoffs for ninth-grade promotion in Louisiana. Eighth-grade retention increases the likelihood of violent crime conviction by 1.05 percentage points (58.44%) and increases the number of violent crime convictions at first conviction. The effects are likely driven by declines in high school peer quality and reduced educational investments that result in lower noncognitive skill acquisit...
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作者：Frandsen, Brigham R.
作者单位：Brigham Young University
摘要：This study presents new evidence on the impacts of unionization using administrative data matching workers to employers in a regression discontinuity design. Close union elections exhibit substantial nonrandom selection or manipulation. Estimates accounting for this selection show that unionization substantially decreases payroll, employment, average worker earnings, and establishment survival. Payroll and earnings decreases are driven by composition changes, with older and higher-paid workers...
