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作者：Handwerker, Elizabeth Weber
摘要：This paper develops measures of the occupational homogeneity of employers as indicators of outsourcing. Findings are threefold. First, wages are strongly related to occupational homogeneity, particularly for workers in low-wage occupations. Second, by some measures, workers-particularly those in higher-wage occupations-saw their employing establishments become more occupationally homogeneous during 2004-19. Third, changes in the occupational homogeneity of workplaces contributed to growing wag...
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作者：Baird, Matthew D.; Engberg, John; Opper, Isaac M.
作者单位：RAND Corporation
摘要：We model optimal treatment assignment in programs with a limited number of seats and study how the presence of peer effects impacts the optimal allocation rule. We then use data from a randomized control trial to show evidence that there are large peer effects in the context of job training for disadvantaged adults in the United States. Finally, we combine the model and the empirics to show that the program would have had a much greater impact if the assignment choices had accounted for the pe...
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作者：von Essen, Emma; Smith, Nina
作者单位：Aarhus University; Stockholm University; Aarhus University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We investigate how sizes of professional networks affect the probability of appointment to a supervisory board and whether the effect is gendered. Using an employer-employee data set of the Danish labor market, 1995-2011, we find larger networks to associate with a higher probability of becoming a first-time director. The effect is larger for men. One explanation is that men, compared with women, have more connections to larger and listed firms and to other males-attributes that increase the a...
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作者：de Chaisemartin, Clement; Navarrete, H. Nicolas
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); City St Georges, University of London
摘要：Social and emotional learning (SEL) programs that target disruptive students aim to improve their classroom behavior. Small-scale programs in high-income countries have demonstrated positive effects. Using a randomized experiment, we show that a nationwide SEL program in Chile has no effect. Very disruptive students seem to reduce the program's effectiveness. With attention deficit hyperactivity disorder being more prevalent in middle- than high-income countries, very disruptive students may b...
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作者：Caselli, Mauro; Falco, Paolo; Mattera, Gianpiero
作者单位：University of Trento; University of Copenhagen; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：Using a natural experiment induced by COVID-19, we test how the sudden absence of fans at football games impacts player performance in Italy. We find that African players, who are most commonly targeted by racial harassment, play better when fans are no longer at the stadium. A similar, albeit weaker, effect is detected among black players. Using official records of racist behavior by fans, we show that performance improves the most on teams that were subject to abuse before the lockdown. Our ...
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作者：Bossler, Mario; Schank, Thorsten
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
摘要：Monthly wage inequality in Germany continued to increase in the early 2000s, which is mainly explained by a rising part-time employment share. After 2010, inequality returned to the level of 2000. About half of the recent decrease is due to the introduction of the national minimum wage in 2015. While employment effects of the minimum wage are negligible, we find strong wage increases among the existing workforce. The minimum wage lowered wage inequality within eastern and western Germany but a...
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作者：Rodriguez, Jorge
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes - Chile
摘要：Workfare can impact child development by inducing parents to spend less time at home. I study the mechanisms by which workfare policies affect children using the New Hope workfare experiment. The program randomly assigned individuals to a policy bundle including income and childcare subsidies conditional on full-time work. For families with young children, the program had positive effects on child academic performance and classroom behavior. Counterfactual experiments from a dynamic discrete c...
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作者：Sorkin, Isaac; Wallskog, Melanie
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University
摘要：Rising between-firm pay dispersion accounts for the majority of the dramatic increase in earnings inequality in the United States in the last several decades. This paper shows that a distinct cross-cohort pattern drives this rise: newer cohorts of firms enter more dispersed and stay more dispersed throughout their lives. These cohort patterns suggest a link between changes in firm entry associated with the decline in business dynamism and the rise in earnings inequality. Cohort effects also im...
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作者：Jinks, Lu
作者单位：Analysis Group Inc.
摘要：This paper estimates the causal impacts of workers' compensation income benefits on workers' health and welfare outcomes. Using claims data from 2004 to 2016, I explore the variation in benefits due to a reform of New York workers' compensation that increased the maximum weekly benefits. I find that a $77 increase in the weekly benefits led to an additional 3.4 days off work. Medical utilization did not increase. Each extra day off work decreased the reinjury likelihood by 2.9%. The current be...
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作者：Cotton, Christopher S. S.; Hickman, Brent R. R.; Price, Joseph P. P.
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; Washington University (WUSTL); Brigham Young University
摘要：We conduct a field experiment paying students according to relative performance on a mathematics exam and tracking study efforts on a mathematics website to test the incentive effects of affirmative action (AA) policies on study effort and math proficiency. AA increases study effort and exam performance for the majority of disadvantaged students targeted by the policy. While the performance of the highest-ability students targeted by the AA policy declines, on average study activity and exam p...
