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作者：Wikle, Jocelyn; Wilson, Riley
作者单位：Brigham Young University
摘要：We explore how access to Head Start affects maternal labor supply. By relaxing childcare constraints, public preschools like Head Start might lead mothers to reallocate time among employment, childcare, and other activities. Using the 1990s enrollment and funding expansions and the 2002 Head Start Impact Study randomized controlled trial, we show that Head Start increases short-run employment and wage earnings of single mothers without reducing quality parent-child interactions. Even before in...
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作者：Haltiwanger, John; Hyatt, Henry R.; Spletzer, James R.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Analyses of survey data highlight observable person characteristics, such as education and occupation, as critical factors for rising earnings inequality, while industry has an offsetting effect. In contrast, analysis of administrative data highlights that rising between-firm earnings dispersion and, in turn, between-industry earnings dispersion dominates the rise in earnings inequality. We construct a novel integrated dataset based on CPS micro data linked with LEHD administrative records. We...
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作者：Sockin, Jason; Sojourner, Aaron
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
摘要：Workers struggle to understand prospective employers. Through experienced workers' volunteered reviews, Glassdoor is a platform seeking to provide information about prospective employers to job seekers. We find that the content most valuable to job seekers (negative information) is the kind most risky to supply, pointing to a catch-22. Higher ratings increase job applications to smaller firms only, creating an incentive for them to discourage negative reviews. Concerns about employer retaliati...
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作者：Glasner, Benjamin
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：This paper estimates the effect of minimum wage increases on work that is not covered by minimum wage laws. I find that minimum wage increases in the early 2000s resulted in small reductions in engagement in traditional self-employment. Following the development of the online gig economy in the 2010s, a 10% increase in the minimum wage increased the number of nonemployer establishments classified as transportation and warehousing services by approximately 2.7%. The counties most likely to exhi...
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作者：He, Haoran; Li, Sherry Xin; Han, Yuling
作者单位：Beijing Normal University; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville
摘要：China shifted its controversial one-child policy (1979-2015) to a two-child policy in 2016. We take advantage of this unexpected policy change and the heterogeneities in the prechange environment to investigate labor market discrimination against expected family responsibilities. In a two-wave correspondence study before and after the policy change, we sent 8,848 fictitious resumes with ages 22-29 in response to online job advertisements. Their gender and only-child/siblinged status were syste...
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作者：Billings, Stephen B.; Hoekstra, Mark
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper assesses the importance of school and neighborhood peers in shaping educational achievement, adolescent misbehavior, and adult crime. Using cohort variation within Charlotte-Mecklenburg County, we focus on the impact of peers whose parents have been arrested, which is strongly and independently predictive of worse outcomes. Results indicate that a 5 percentage point increase in school peers linked to parental arrest reduces educational achievement by 0.016 standard deviations and in...
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作者：Sikhova, Aiday
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：There are two essential mechanisms in the canonical model of the transmission of income across generations-parents' financial resources and parental education. I provide novel empirical evidence to disentangle the significance of these two mechanisms in explaining the intergenerational transmission of income. Utilizing two reforms and administrative data from Sweden, I find that parents' financial resources amount to about 25% of the effect of parental education on children's income. Additiona...
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作者：Hurst, Erik; Kahn, Lisa B.
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Rochester; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
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作者：Bagga, Sadhika
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Worker mobility and wages have declined in the United States amid rising employer market power. I propose a theory of the labor market in which a decrease in employer competition, characterized by fewer firms per worker, drives the decline in worker mobility and wages. A finite and decreasing number of employers exert market power by excluding their offers from the outside options of their employees. This reduces the value of workers' outside options and, consequently, their wages and transiti...
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作者：Baker, Michael; Messacar, Derek; Stabile, Mark
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; Memorial University Newfoundland; Statistics Canada; INSEAD Business School; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We investigate how reforms of Canada's child allowances affected household poverty and maternal employment-the 2015 increase and expansion of the Universal Child Care Benefit and the 2016 introduction of a new Canada Child Benefit (CCB). We document that both reforms reduced child poverty, although the CCB had greater effect. By 2018, we estimate that the CCB reduced poverty by 11% in families headed by a single mother and by nearly 17% in two-parent families. We find no evidence, on either th...
