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作者：Andresen, Martin Eckhoff; Nix, Emily
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Southern California
摘要：New parenthood causes large decreases in labor market incomes for mothers but not fathers, a stylized fact known as the child penalty. We combine a simple household model with estimates of child penalties in heterosexual nonadopting, adopting, and same-sex couples to better understand what causes the child penalty in heterosexual nonadopting couples. Our results largely rule out giving birth and the father's advantage in the labor market as mechanisms, leaving preferences, gender norms, and di...
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作者：Krueger, Miriam; Friebel, Guido
作者单位：Deutsche Bundesbank; Goethe University Frankfurt; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：In a professional services firm, top management unexpectedly adjusted the pay of consultants in some divisions to the pay in other divisions. In this quasi experiment, fixed wages increased and bonuses decreased, reducing pay for the high performers and increasing it for the low performers. Individual outputs and efforts decreased by 30%, and attrition and absenteeism increased. The effects were driven by those who were rationally expecting to lose from the pay change. Observing a period of mo...
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作者：Ge, Suqin; Isaac, Elliott; Miller, Amalia
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Tulane University; University of Virginia; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Using College and Beyond data and a variant of Dale and Krueger's matched-applicant approach, we revisit the question of how attending an elite college affects later-life outcomes. We expand the scope by examining additional outcomes and not restricting the sample to full-time workers. For men, controlling for selection eliminates the relationship between college selectivity and earnings; there are also no effects on men's educational attainment or family outcomes. We find significant effects ...
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作者：Charles, Kerwin Kofi; Johnson, Matthew S.; Stephens, Melvin, Jr.; Lee, Do Q.
作者单位：Yale University; Duke University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; New York University
摘要：We investigate how demand conditions affect employers' provision of safety-something about which theory is ambivalent. Positive demand shocks relax financial constraints that limit safety investment but simultaneously raise the opportunity cost of increasing safety rather than production. We study the US metals mining sector, leveraging exogenous demand shocks from short-term variation in global commodity prices. We find that positive price shocks substantially increase workplace injury rates ...
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作者：Katz, Lawrence F.; Roth, Jonathan; Hendra, Richard; Schaberg, Kelsey
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Brown University
摘要：This paper examines the evidence from randomized evaluations of sector-focused training programs that target low-wage workers and combine up-front screening, occupational and soft-skills training, and wraparound services. The programs generate substantial and persistent earnings gains (12%-34%) following training. Theoretical mechanisms for program impacts are explored for the WorkAdvance demonstration. Earnings gains are generated by getting participants into higher-wage jobs in higher-earnin...
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作者：Beckmann, Michael; Kraekel, Matthias
作者单位：University of Basel; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Bonn; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Although from the viewpoint of social psychology task commitment is a driving force for intrinsic motivation in the workplace, this topic has been widely ignored in labor and personnel economics so far. Our paper reduces this gap in the literature by offering a theoretical analysis of worker empowerment and task commitment. This approach also helps to explain the observed variety of compensation schemes across workers and firms. By using a large-scale linked employer-employee panel data set, w...
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作者：Griffith, Alan
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Empirical peer effects research often employs censored peer data. Individuals may list only a fixed number of links, implying mismeasured peer variables. I first document that censoring is widespread in network data. I then introduce an estimator and characterize its inconsistency analytically; an assumption on the ordering of peers implies that censoring causes attenuated peer effects estimates. Next, I demonstrate the effect of censoring in two data sets, showing that estimates with censored...
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作者：Fang, Dawei; Noe, Thomas
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; University of Oxford
摘要：Uncompetitive contests for grades, promotions, retention, and job assignments, which feature lax standards and limited candidate pools, are often criticized for being unmeritocratic. We show that when contestants are strategic, lax standards and exclusivity can make selection more meritocratic. When many contestants compete for a few promotions, strategic contestants adopt high-risk strategies. Risk-taking reduces the correlation between performance and ability. Through reducing the effects of...
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作者：Rothstein, Jesse; Schanzenbach, Diane Whitmore
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Northwestern University
摘要：In two 1992 papers, Card and Krueger used labor market outcomes to study the productivity of school spending. Following their lead, we examine the effects of post-1990 school finance reforms on students' educational attainment and labor market outcomes. Using a state-by-cohort panel design, we find that reforms increased high school completion and college-going, concentrated among Black students and women, and raised annual earnings. The reforms also increased the return to education, particul...
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作者：Campbell, Stuart; Macmillan, Lindsey; Murphy, Richard; Wyness, Gill
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper examines inequalities in the match between student and degree quality using linked administrative data from schools, universities, and tax authorities. We analyze two measures of match at the university subject level: undergraduate enrollment qualifications and graduate earnings. We find for both that disadvantaged students match to lower-quality degrees across the entire distribution of achievement in a setting with uniform fees and a generous financial aid system. While there are ...
