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作者：Janmaat, J
作者单位：Acadia University
摘要：Salt and water transport external costs of irrigation are borne disproportionately by lower elevation farmers. The relationship between fields for an optimal Pigouvian tax plan varies considerably as the amount of available water changes, demonstrating that a simple rule cannot be relied upon. A numerical example demonstrates the optimal application pattern and Pigouvian tax plan in contrast to the sequential Nash equilibrium. Shadow values for water are used to argue that between distributari...
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作者：Cysne, RP; Maldonado, WL; Monteiro, PK
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Universidade Catolica de Brasilia
摘要：Our work is based on a heterogenous agent shopping-time economy in which economic agents present distinct productivities in the production of the consumption good, and differentiated access to transacting assets. The purpose of the analysis is to investigate whether this setting can lead to a positive correlation between inflation and income inequality. Our main result is to show that, provided the productivity of the interest-bearing asset in the transacting technology is high enough, it is t...
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作者：Das, J; Hammer, J
摘要：We develop a method in which vignettes-a battery of questions for hypothetical cases-are evaluated with item response theory to measure the clinical competence of doctors. The method, which allows us to simultaneously estimate competence and validate the test instrument, is applied to a sample of medical practitioners in Delhi, India. The method gives plausible results, rationalizes different perceptions of competence in the public and private sectors and pinpoints several serious problems wit...
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作者：Cheng, LK; Qiu, LD; Tan, GF
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of Southern California; Tsinghua University
摘要：We develop a continuum Ricardian trade model to capture both North-South trade and technology transfer via foreign direct investment (FDI) by multinational enterprises (MNEs). We show that there is a unique range of products produced in the South by MNEs. In the case of an infinitely elastic supply of expatriates, if the ability of Southern workers in absorbing Northern technology increases, then (a) the range of MNE production increases, (b) Northern workers's welfare and Southern workers' we...
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作者：Finan, F; Sadoulet, E; de Janvry, A
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：To help inform the current debate on the role of land as an instrument for poverty reduction, we analyze the conditions under which access to land reduces poverty in Mexican rural communities. Semi-parametric regression results show that access to even a small plot of land can raise household welfare significantly. For smallholders, an additional hectare of land increases welfare on average by 1.3 times the earnings of an agricultural worker. In addition, the marginal welfare value of land dep...
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作者：Hong, KS; Tornell, A
作者单位：Ewha Womans University; California State University System; California State University Los Angeles
摘要：Using a comprehensive data set of over 100 developing countries, this paper examines how economies recover from a currency crisis. Some of the regularities found are listed below. First, it takes less than 3 years for the GDP growth rate to fully recover its tranquil-period average. The level of GDP, however, remains permanently below its initial trend, suggesting that the shocks underlying a crisis are persistent. Second, the credit crunch problem lasts much longer than the reduction in the G...
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作者：Kögel, T
作者单位：Loughborough University
摘要：Recent literature shows empirical support for an effect of demographic age structure on economic growth. This literature does not give allention to the possibility that age structure might also have an effect on total factor productivity. Much of the recent literature on economic growth has stressed that an understanding of cross-country differences in output per worker is needed. That literature argues that the most important determinant of international differences in output per worker is di...
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作者：Easterly, W
作者单位：New York University
摘要：Analysis of adjustment loans often overlooks their repetition to the same country. Repetition changes the nature of the selection problem. None of the top 20 recipients of repeated adjustment lending over 1980-99 were able to achieve reasonable growth and contain all policy distortions. About half of the adjustment loan recipients show severe macroeconomic distortions regardless of cumulative adjustment loans. Probit regressions for an extreme macroeconomic imbalance indicator and its componen...
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作者：Mehlum, H; Moene, K; Torvik, R
作者单位：University of Oslo; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
摘要：Poverty makes thieves and thieves hamper economic growth. We study these linkages in a model of modem sector job creation. Job creation has two effects. Higher labor demand tends to lower crime while higher output gives more to steal, tending to increase crime. At low levels of modernization the second effect dominates and, as a consequence, the model has decreasing returns to scale. At higher levels of modernization there is increasing returns to scale due to declining crime. The economy may ...
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作者：Arimoto, Y
作者单位：University of Tokyo
摘要：This study introduces a fixed-rent contract with a state-contingent rent reduction widely adopted in Japan in the early 20th century, which a fixed-rent was temporary reduced in case of poor harvest. The economic implications of this contract are analyzed with a principal-agent model. It is shown that if the tenant is not too risk averse and/or the variability of the yield is not too high, then this contract is preferable for the landlord to a fixed-rent contract or a share tenancy. Preliminar...
