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作者：Farzin, Y. Hossein; Bond, Craig A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：We develop and estimate an econometric model of the relationship between several local and global air pollutants and economic development while allowing for critical aspects of the sociopolitical-economic regime of a State. We obtain empirical support for our hypothesis that democracy and its associated freedoms provide the conduit through which agents can exercise their preferences for environmental quality more effectively than under an autocratic regime, thus leading to decreased concentrat...
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作者：Chinn, Menzie D.; Ito, Hiro
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; National Bureau of Economic Research; Portland State University
摘要：We investigate whether financial openness leads to financial development after controlling for the level of legal development using a panel encompassing 108 countries over the period 1980 to 2000. We also examine the issue of the optimal sequence of liberalization in both goods and financial markets. Our findings suggest that a higher level of financial openness spurs equity market development only if a threshold level of legal development has been attained. On the issue of sequencing, we find...
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作者：Brooks, Eileen L.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Exporting firms around the world ship only a small fraction of their output overseas. For firms in a large country, such as the United States, this behavior can be explained by the existence of a large domestic market. For firms in a small lower income country, such as Colombia, the lower share of exports remains a puzzle. This paper begins by illustrating the failure of current models to explain plant export patterns in Colombia. Even models that do well in describing the US export distributi...
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作者：Anderson, JE; Bandiera, O
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Boston College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper makes precise the distributional consequences and social efficiency of private enforcement of property rights. Properties of different values are subject to predation and owners choose between self-defense and private enforcement services. A distributional conflict of interest arises as private protection purchased by rich owners deflects predators on low value properties. The market structure of enforcement and development affect the distribution of property income through relative...
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作者：Davies, RB
作者单位：University of Oregon
摘要：Opponents of child labor suggest that demand-driven mechanisms can eliminate such practices. If consumers prefer adult-labor products, they suggest that labeling will drive out child-labor products. I show that under Bertrand competition, even with complete information, this is unlikely. When products are differentiated only by labor type, such a scheme requires at least three firms and child-labor costs at least as large as adult-labor costs. With additional lines of differentiation, child la...
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作者：Morón, E; Winkelried, D
作者单位：Universidad del Pacifico Peru
摘要：One distinguishable characteristic of emerging market economies is that they are not financially robust. These economics are incapable of smoothing out large external shocks, as sudden capital outflows imply abrupt swings in the real exchange rate. Using a small open-economy model, this paper examines alternative monetary policy rules for economies with different degrees of liability dollarization. The paper answers the question of how efficient it is to use inflation targeting (IT) under high...
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作者：Gibson, B
作者单位：University of Vermont
摘要：Recent econometric evidence suggests that trade liberalization has an elusive relationship to growth and income distribution. This paper provides an explanation for these results via numerical simulations of a dynamic structuralist CGE. The conclusion is that if families become too poor to finance human capital accumulation, or the state too stingy to supply it at a reasonable cost, exports of skill-intensive goods can become uncompetitive and the transition to openness may involve increasing ...
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作者：Karp, L
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Recent papers show that imperfect property rights to a natural resource - a sector-specific factor - can be a source of comparative advantage. In these models, weaker property rights attract labor - the only mobile factor - to the resource sector, increasing the country's comparative advantage for that sector. If capital in addition to labor is mobile, and if the benefits of capital are non-excludable or if the degree of property rights is endogenous, a deterioration of property rights has amb...
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作者：Demombynes, G; Özler, B
作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We examine the effects of local inequality on property and violent crime in South Africa. The findings are consistent with economic theories relating local inequality to property crime and also with sociological theories that imply that inequality leads to crime in general. Burglary rates are 25-43% higher in police precincts that are the wealthiest among their neighbors, suggesting that criminals travel to neighborhoods where the expected returns from burglary are highest. Finally, while we f...
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作者：Straub, S
作者单位：University of Edinburgh
摘要：We build a model of firms' choice between formality and informality. Complying with costly registration procedures allows the firms to benefit from key public goods, enforcement, of property lights and contracts, that make the participation in the formal credit market possible. In a moral hazard framework with credit rationing, their decision is shaped by the interaction between the cost of entry into formality, and the relative efficiency of formal versus informal credit. mechanisms and their...
