-
作者：Lotti, Clarissa; Muco, Arieda; Spagnolo, Giancarlo; Valletti, Tommaso
作者单位：University of Rome Tor Vergata; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Imperial College London
摘要：Centralization of public procurement can lower prices for the government's direct purchase of goods and services. This paper focuses on indirect savings. Public administrations that do not procure directly through a central procurement agency might benefit from the availability of centrally procured goods. We exploit the introduction of a central purchasing agency in Italy and find that prices came down by 22 percent among administrations that bought autonomously. These indirect effects appear...
-
作者：Moore, Timothy J.; Morris, Todd
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Queensland
摘要：We show that a targeted law can modify teens' risky behavior. We examine the effects of an Australian intervention banning first-year drivers from driving late at night with multiple peers, , which had accounted for one-fifth of their traffic fatalities. Using data on individual drivers linked to crash outcomes, , we find the reform more than halves targeted crashes, , casualties and deaths. There are large positive spillovers through lower crashes earlier in the evening and beyond the first y...
-
作者：Del Valle, Alejandro
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University
摘要：Developing economies are not disproportionately exposed to natural disasters , but they experience significantly more deaths. Exploiting a discontinuity in the eligibility rules for Mexico's indexed disaster fund ( Fonden ) , I show that the accelerated reconstruction of public infrastructure can significantly mitigate the mortality impacts of disasters. Fonden's impact is concentrated in areas with medical infrastructure and among conditions responsive to basic and freely available medical ca...
-
作者：Dustmann, Christian; Landerso, Rasmus; Andersen, Lars Hojsgaard
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：This paper analyzes the effects of Denmark's Start Aid welfare reform that targets refugees. Implemented in 2002 , it enables us to study not only the reform's immediate effects but also its longer -term consequences and its repeal a decade later. The reform -induced large transfer cuts led to an increase in employment rates , but only in the short run. Overall , the reform increased poverty rates and led to a rise in subsistence crime. Moreover , local demand conditions generate substantial h...
-
作者：Fluchtmann, Jonas; Glenny, Anita M.; Harmon, Nikolaj A.; Maibom, Jonas
作者单位：Aarhus University; University of Copenhagen
摘要：Men and women tend to hold different jobs. Are these differences present already in the types of jobs men and women apply for? Using administrative data on job applications made by the universe of Danish unemployment insurance recipients, we provide evidence on gender differences in applied-for jobs for the broader labor market. Across a range of job characteristics, we find large gender gaps in the share of applications going to different job types even among observationally similar men and w...
-
作者：Farin, Sherajum Monira; Hoehn-Velasco, Lauren; Pesko, Michael F.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Legal abortion has recently been suggested as an essential health care service. In this study, , we consider whether abortion legalization over 1969-1973 improved women's health as measured by maternal mortality. Our event study results indicate that legal abortion substantially lowered non-White maternal mortality by 30-50 percent, , with 134 non-White maternal deaths averted nationally in the first year abortion became legal. We also find that early state-level legalizations were crucial and...
-
作者：Alsan, Marcella; Eichmeyer, Sarah
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bocconi University
摘要：We experimentally vary signals and senders to identify which combination will increase vaccine demand among a disadvantaged population in the United States-Black and White men without a college education. Our main finding is that laypeople (nonexpert concordant senders) are most effective at promoting vaccination, particularly among those least willing to become vaccinated. This finding points to a trade-off between the higher qualifications of experts on the one hand and the lower social prox...
-
作者：Drupp, Moritz A.; Nesje, Frikk; Schmidt, Robert C.
作者单位：University of Hamburg; University of Hamburg; University of Copenhagen; Fern University Hagen
摘要：We study the variation of carbon price recommendations and their determinants using survey evidence from more than 400 experts across almost 40 countries. We quantify the extent of disagreement and reveal that a majority of experts can agree on short- and medium-term global carbon price levels, and on unilateral carbon price levels in most countries. The majority of recommendations do not exhibit a free riding pattern of lower unilateral than global carbon prices. Furthermore, border carbon ad...
-
作者：Mucke, Christian; Pelizzon, Loriana; Pezone, Vincenzo; Thakor, Anjan
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Universita Ca Foscari Venezia; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Tilburg University; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：We empirically examine the Capital Purchase Program (CPP) used by the US government to bail out distressed banks and its implications for regulatory policy. We find strong evidence that a feature of the CPP-the government's ability to appoint independent directors on the board of an assisted bank that missed six dividend payments to the Treasury-had a significant effect on bank behavior. Banks were averse to these appointments-the empirical distribution of missed payments exhibits a sharp disc...
-
作者：Stevenson, Megan T.; Doleac, Jennifer L.
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：We evaluate the impacts of adopting algorithmic risk assessments in sentencing. We find that judges changed sentencing practices in response to the risk assessment, but that discretion played a large role in mediating its impact. Judges deviated from the recommendations associated with the algorithm in systematic ways, suggestive of alternative objectives. As a result, risk assessment did not lead to detectable gains in terms of public safety or reduced incarceration rates. Using simulations, ...
