Addressing Environmental Justice through In-Kind Court Settlementst

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Campa, Pamela; Muehlenbachs, Lucija
• 署名单位: Stockholm School of Economics; Stockholm School of Economics; University of Calgary; Resources for the Future
• 刊物名称: AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL-ECONOMIC POLICY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1945-7731
• DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210432
• 发表日期: 2024
• 页码: 415-446
• 关键词: reputational penalties; contingent valuation; ECONOMICS; transfers; VIOLATIONS; earmarking; inequities; racism; POLICY; cash

摘要

In US environmental court cases, a cash penalty can be mitigated if a defendant volunteers to undertake an in -kind project, such as retrofitting school buses or building a public park. A goal of the policy is to address environmental justice concerns for low-income and minority populations, yet the historical record shows in -kind settlements most likely occur in cases involving high -income, majority -White communities. A choice experiment reveals that the public prefers in -kind settlements over cash, and a randomized survey reveals in -kind settlements improve the public's view of a violating firm, consistent with our finding of positive stock market reactions to in -kind settlements. (JEL D63, H23, J15, K32, Q53, Q58)