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作者：Chyn, Eric; Haggag, Kareem; Stuart, Bryan A.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper provides new evidence on the causal impacts of citywide racial segregation on intergenerational mobility. We use an instrumental variable approach that relies on plausibly exogenous variation in segregation due to the arrangement of railroad tracks in the nineteenth century. Our analysis finds that higher segregation reduces upward mobility for Black children from households across the income distribution and White children from low-income households. Moreover, segregation lowers ac...
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作者：Facchini, Giovanni; Knight, Brian; Testa, Cecilia
作者单位：University of Nottingham; Brown University
摘要：This paper investigates the relationship between the franchise and policing. We find that, following the Voting Rights Act of 1965, Black arrest rates in counties that both had more newly enfranchised Blacks and were covered by the legislation fell, compared to similar Southern counties that were not covered. We document no corresponding patterns for White arrests. Our results are driven by arrests by sheriffs, who are always elected, and by less serious offenses. These results indicate that v...
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作者：Berry, James; Dizon-Ross, Rebecca; Jagnani, Maulik
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University of Chicago; Tufts University; Tufts University
摘要：We conduct two experiments to identify the value parents place on equality of opportunity when investing in children. The experiments exogenously vary short-run returns to educational investments to identify the weight placed on equalizing opportunity (child-level investment) relative to maximizing returns (total household earnings) or to equalizing outcomes (child-level expected earnings). While parents in both experiments place some weight on maximizing returns, they also display a strong pr...
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作者：Chakrabarti, Anindya s.; Mahajan, Kanika; Tomar, Shekhar
作者单位：Indian Institute of Management (IIM System); Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad; Ashoka University; Indian School of Business (ISB)
摘要：Firms are increasingly concerned about the resilience of their sales and sourcing decisions. Using administrative data, we show that a temporary disruption in trade due to state border closures in India led to a persistent trade collapse within the country-- interstate trade relative to intrastate remains five percent lower even six months after all restrictions were lifted. Reshoring explains this phenomenon as plants more dependent on interstate sales ( input-sourcing) shift from inter- to i...
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作者：Garin, Andrew; Jackson, Emilie; Koustas, Dmitri
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Michigan State University; University of Chicago
摘要：We show that increases in the share of workers reporting self-employment to the IRS are not associated with changes infirm-reported payments to gig and other contract workers after 2005 but are driven primarily by self-reported earnings of individuals in the EITC phase-in range. We examine a regression discontinuity design that generates exogenous variation in tax rates at the end of the year after labor supply decisions are already sunk and find tax code incentives increase self-employment re...
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作者：Shrinivas, Aditya; Baylis, Kathy; Crost, Benjamin
作者单位：Indian Institute of Management (IIM System); Indian Institute of Management Bangalore; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Calgary
摘要：biggest expansions in food transfers in history, affecting over 500 million people. We use plausibly exogenous variation created by the NFSA to estimate the effect of food transfers on child nutrition. Using individual panel data across eight states in India over five years, we find that increased transfers significantly reduced stunting. The food transfers increased wage incomes and improved dietary diversity. Our results suggest that, in the states we study, the NFSA prevented approximately ...
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作者：Andersen, Steffen; Colmsjo, Elin; Parise, Gianpaolo; Peijnenburg, Kim
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; University of Copenhagen; Tilburg University
摘要：Exploiting plausibly exogenous variations in the timing of cancer diagnoses, we establish that health shocks elicit a large and persistent increase in the probability of committing a crime. This effect materializes in a substantial rise in both first crimes and re-offenses. We uncover evidence for two mechanisms. First, an economic motive leads individuals to compensate the loss of legal revenues with illegal earnings. Second, cancer patients face lower expected cost of punishment through a lo...
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作者：Johnston, Andrew C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Merced
摘要：I examine teacher preferences using a discrete-choice experiment linked to data on teacher effectiveness. I estimate willingness to pay for a rich set of compensation elements and working conditions. Highly effective teachers usually have the same preferences as their peers, but they have stronger preferences for performance pay. I use the preference estimates to investigate the optimal compensation structure for three key objectives: maximizing teacher utility, maximizing teacher retention, a...
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作者：Mattsson, Martin
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：Slow public service delivery and corruption are common problems in low-and middle-income countries. Can better management information systems improve delivery speed? Does improving the delivery speed reduce corruption? In a large-scale experiment with the Bangladesh Civil Service, I send monthly scorecards measuring delays in service delivery to government officials and their supervisors. The scorecards increase on-time service delivery by 11 percent but do not reduce bribes. Instead, the scor...
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作者：Bjorvatn, Kjetil; Ferris, Denise; Gulesci, Selim; Nasgowitz, Arne; Somville, Vincent; Vandewalle, Lore
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Trinity College Dublin; KU Leuven
摘要：We randomly offered a childcare subsidy, an equivalent cash grant, or both to mothers of three-to-five-year-old children. The childcare subsidy substantially increased the labor supply and earnings of single mothers, highlighting the importance of time constraints for them. Among couples, childcare did not affect mothers' labor market outcomes but instead increased fathers' salaried employment. At the household level, childcare led to higher income and consumption and improved child developmen...
