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作者：Garthwaite, Craig L.
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：Despite dramatic improvements in medical technology, little attention has been paid to the role of these innovations in improving economic outcomes. This study estimates the labor supply effects of Cox-2 inhibitors, a widely prescribed class of pharmaceuticals used for the treatment of chronic pain and inflammation and primarily marketed under the brand names Vioxx, Celebrex, and Bextra. This paper exploits the removal of Vioxx from the market in 2004 as an exogenous change in drug use. This r...
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作者：Rodriguez-Planas, Nuria
作者单位：Autonomous University of Barcelona
摘要：This paper reports on a randomized evaluation of a program designed to improve high school graduation and postsecondary education enrollment among low-performing high school students. Treated youths were offered mentoring, educational services, and financial rewards. The program was evaluated when the youths were 19, 21, and 24 years old. Treated youths obtained their high school diplomas earlier and were more likely than controls to attend postsecondary education. Five years after the end of ...
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作者：Stoyanov, Andrey; Zubanov, Nikolay
作者单位：York University - Canada; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam
摘要：Using matched firm-worker data from Danish manufacturing, we observe firm-to-firm worker movements and find that firms that hired workers from more productive firms experience productivity gains one year after the hiring. The productivity gains associated with hiring from more productive firms are equivalent to 0.35 percent per year for an average firm. Surviving a variety of statistical controls, these gains increase with education, tenure, and skill level of new hires, persist for several ye...
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作者：Gertler, Paul J.; Martinez, Sebastian W.; Rubio-Codina, Marta
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Inter-American Development Bank; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Using data from a randomized experiment, we find that poor rural Mexican households invested part of their cash transfers from the Oportunidades program in productive assets, increasing agricultural income by almost 10 percent after 18 months of benefits. We estimate that for each peso transferred, households consume 74 cents and invest the rest, permanently increasing long-term consumption by about 1.6 cents. Results suggest that cash transfers can achieve long-term increases in consumption t...
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作者：Bailey, Martha J.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Almost 50 years after domestic US family planning programs began, their effects on childbearing remain controversial. Using the county-level roll-out of these programs from 1964 to 1973, this paper reevaluates their shorter and longer term effects on US fertility rates. I find that the introduction of family planning is associated with significant and persistent reductions in fertility driven both by falling completed childbearing and childbearing delay. Although federally funded family planni...
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作者：Iyer, Lakshmi; Mani, Anandi; Mishra, Prachi; Topalova, Petia
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Warwick; International Monetary Fund
摘要：Using state-level variation in the timing of political reforms, we find that an increase in female representation in local government induces a large and significant rise in documented crimes against women in India. Our evidence suggests that this increase is good news, driven primarily by greater reporting rather than greater incidence of such crimes. In contrast, we find no increase in crimes against men or in gender-neutral crimes. We also examine the effectiveness of alternative forms of p...
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作者：Sukhtankar, Sandip
作者单位：Dartmouth College
摘要：Political control of firms is prevalent across the world. Evidence suggests that firms profit from political connections, and politicians derive benefit from control over firms. This paper investigates an alternative mechanism through which politicians may benefit electorally from connected firms, examining sugar mills in India. I find evidence of embezzlement in politically controlled mills during election years, reflected in lower prices paid to farmers for cane. This result complements the ...
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作者：Dustmann, Christian; Schoenberg, Uta
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：This paper evaluates the impact of three major expansions in maternity leave coverage in Germany on children's long-run outcomes. To identify the causal impact of the reforms, we use a difference-in-difference design that compares outcomes of children born shortly before and shortly after a change in maternity leave legislation in years of policy changes, and in years when no changes have taken place. We find no support for the hypothesis that the expansions in leave coverage improved children...
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作者：Lavy, Victor; Schlosser, Analia
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of London; National Bureau of Economic Research; Tel Aviv University
摘要：We present in this paper evidence about the effects and mechanisms of gender peer effects in elementary, middle, and high schools. For identification, we rely on idiosyncratic variations in gender composition across adjacent cohorts within the same schools. We find that an increase in the proportion of girls improves boys and girls' cognitive outcomes. These academic gains are mediated through lower levels of classroom disruption and violence, improved inter-student and student-teacher relatio...
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作者：Hsieh, Chang-Tai; Miguel, Edward; Ortega, Daniel; Rodriguez, Francisco
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Institute of Advanced Studies in Administration (IESA)
摘要：In 2004, the Hugo Chavez regime in Venezuela distributed the list of several million voters who had attempted to remove him from office throughout the government bureaucracy, allegedly to identify and punish these voters. We match the list of petition signers distributed by the government to household survey respondents to measure the economic effects of being identified as a Chavez political opponent. We find that voters who were identified as Chavez opponents experienced a 5 percent drop in ...
