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作者：Clemens, Jeffrey
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Community-rating regulations equalize the insurance premiums faced by the healthy and the unhealthy. Intended reductions in the unhealthy's premiums can be undone, however, if the healthy forgo coverage. The severity of this adverse selection problem hinges largely on how health care costs are distributed across market participants. Theoretically, I show that Medicaid expansions can combat adverse selection by removing high cost individuals from the relevant risk pool. Empirically, I find that...
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作者：Olken, Benjamin A.; Onishi, Junko; Wong, Susan
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); The World Bank
摘要：We report an experiment in 3,000 villages that tested whether incentives improve aid efficacy. Villages received block grants for maternal and child health and education that incorporated relative performance incentives. Subdistricts were randomized into incentives, an otherwise identical program without incentives, or control. Incentives initially improved preventative health indicators, particularly in underdeveloped areas, and spending efficiency increased. While school enrollments improved...
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作者：Tewari, Ishani
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：Well-functioning credit markets play a key role in boosting overall economic growth, but their impact on distributional outcomes is much less clear. I use a quasi-experimental setting provided by branch banking deregulation, an important episode of US financial development, to study the distributive impacts of finance. Following removal of geographic restrictions on banks in the 1980s and early 1990s, mortgage access increased for lower-middle income groups, young, and also black households. T...
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作者：Cohodes, Sarah R.; Goodman, Joshua S.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：We analyze a Massachusetts merit aid program that gives high-scoring students tuition waivers at in-state public colleges with lower graduation rates than available alternative colleges. A regression discontinuity design comparing students just above and below the eligibility threshold finds that students are remarkably willing to forgo college quality and that scholarship use actually lowered college completion rates. These results suggest that college quality affects college completion rates...
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作者：Drexler, Alejandro; Fischer, Greg; Schoar, Antoinette
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Micro-entrepreneurs often lack the financial literacy required to make important financial decisions. We conducted a randomized evaluation with a bank in the Dominican Republic to compare the impact of two distinct programs: standard accounting training versus a simplified, rule-of-thumb training that taught basic financial heuristics. The rule-of-thumb training significantly improved firms' financial practices, objective reporting quality, and revenues. For micro-entrepreneurs with lower skil...
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作者：Barcellos, Silvia Helena; Carvalho, Leandro S.; Lleras-Muney, Adriana
作者单位：University of Southern California; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Previous research has not always found that boys and girls are treated differently in rural India. However estimates of the effect of gender on parental investments could be biased if girls end up in larger families due to son-biased stopping rules. Using a novel identification strategy that exploits that gender at conception is random, we document that boys receive more childcare time than girls, they are breastfed longer and they get more vitamin supplementation. Compared to other developing...
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作者：Baccara, Mariagiovanna; Collard-Wexler, Allan; Felli, Leonardo; Yariv, Leeat
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Duke University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; California Institute of Technology
摘要：This paper uses a new dataset on child-adoption matching to estimate the preferences of potential adoptive parents over US-born and unborn children relinquished for adoption. We identify significant preferences favoring girls and against African American children put up for adoption. These attitudes vary in magnitudes across different adoptive parents-heterosexual, same-sex couples, and single women. We consider the effects of excluding single women and same-sex couples from the process, and f...
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作者：Utar, Hale
作者单位：University of Bielefeld; Aarhus University
摘要：Using the dismantling of the Multi-fibre Arrangement quotas on Chinese textile products in conjunction with China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), within firms adjustments to intensified low-wage competition is analyzed. Employing Danish employer-employee matched data covering from 1995 to 2007, the analysis shows a significant change in the workforce composition of firms in response to heightened competition. Competition is found to negatively affect employment, value-added,...
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作者：Collins, William J.; Wanamaker, Marianne H.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
摘要：The onset of World War I spurred the Great Migration of African Americans from the US South, arguably the most important internal migration in US history. We create a new panel dataset of more than 5,000 men matched from the 1910 to 1930 census manuscripts to address three interconnected questions: To what extent was there selection into migration? How large were the migrants' gains? Did migration narrow the racial gap in economic status? We find evidence of positive selection, but the migrant...
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作者：Blimpo, Moussa P.
作者单位：University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：I examine the impact of student incentives in Benin, using three different designs that can be implemented relatively cheaply and with administrative data. The first design is a standard incentive structure where students receive monetary rewards for reaching a performance target. In the other two designs, teams of four students receive incentives based on either their performance level as a group or in a team tournament scheme. I find a large and similar average treatment effect across design...
