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作者：Fryer, Roland G., Jr.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：I conducted a randomized field experiment in traditional public elementary schools in Houston, Texas designed to test the potential productivity benefits of teacher specialization. The average impact of encouraging schools to specialize their teachers on student achievement is -0.11 standard deviations per year on a combined index of math and reading test scores. I argue that the results are consistent with a model in which the benefits of specialization driven by sorting teachers into a subse...
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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Akcigit, Ufuk; Alp, Harun; Bloom, Nicholas; Kerr, William
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; University of Pennsylvania; Stanford University; Harvard University; Bank of Finland
摘要：We build a model offinn-level innovation, productivity growth, and reallocation featuring endogenous entry and exit. A new and central economic force is the selection between high- and low-type firms, which differ in terms of their innovative capacity. We estimate the parameters of the model using US Census microdata on firm-level output, R&D, and patenting. The model provides a good fit to the dynamics of firm entry and exit, output, and R&D. Taxing the continued operation of incumbents can l...
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作者：Juhasz, Reka
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：This paper uses a natural experiment to estimate the causal effect of temporary trade protection on long-term economic development. I find that regions in the French Empire which became better protected from trade with the British for exogenous reasons during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) increased capacity in mechanized cotton spinning to a larger extent than regions which remained more exposed to trade. In the long run, regions with exogenously higher spinning capacity had higher activity ...
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作者：Ulyssea, Gabriel
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：This paper develops and estimates an equilibrium model where heterogeneous firms can exploit two margins of informality: (i) not register their business, the extensive margin: and (ii) hire workers off the books, the intensive margin. The model encompasses the main competing frameworks for understanding informality and provides a natural setting to infer their empirical relevance. The counterfactual analysis shows that once the intensive margin is accounted for, firm and labor informality need...
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作者：Bastos, Paulo; Silva, Joana; Verhoogen, Eric
作者单位：The World Bank; The World Bank; Columbia University
摘要：This paper examines the relationship between the destination of exports and the input prices paid by firms, using detailed customs and firm-product-level data from Portugal. Both ordinary least squares regressions and an instrumental-variable strategy using exchange-rate movements (interacted with. indicators for initial exports) as a source of variation in destinations indicate that exporting to richer countries leads firms to pay higher prices for inputs, other things equal. The results are ...
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作者：Xu, Guo
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：I combine newly digitized personnel and public finance data from the British colonial administration for the period 1854-1966 to study how patronage affects the promotion and incentives of governors. Governors are more likely to be promoted to higher salaried colonies when connected to their superior during the period of patronage. Once allocated, they provide more tax exemptions, raise less revenue, and invest less. The promotion and performance gaps disappear after the abolition of patronage...
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作者：Bergemann, Dirk; Bonatti, Alessandro; Smolin, Alex
作者单位：Yale University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Bonn
摘要：A data buyer faces a decision problem under uncertainty. He can augment his initial private information with supplemental data from a data seller. His willingness to pay for supplemental data is determined by the quality of his initial private information. The data seller optimally offers a menu of statistical experiments. We establish the properties that any revenue-maximizing menu of experiments must satisfy. Every experiment is a non-dispersed stochastic matrix, and every menu contains a fu...
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作者：Blumenstock, Joshua; Callen, Michael; Ghani, Tarek
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：We report on an experiment examining why default options impact behavior. By randomly assigning employees to different varieties of a salary-linked savings account, we find that default enrollment increases participation by 40 percentage points-an effect equivalent to providing a 50 percent matching incentive. We then use a series of experimental interventions to differentiate between explanations for the default effect, which we conclude is driven largely by present-biased preferences and the...
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作者：Qin, Bei; Stromberg, David; Wu, Yanhui
作者单位：University of Hong Kong; Stockholm University; University of Southern California
摘要：This paper examines whether and how market competition affected the political bias of government-owned newspapers in China from 1981 to 2011. We measure media bias based on coverage of government mouthpiece content (propaganda) relative to commercial content. We first find that a reform that forced newspaper exits (reduced competition) affected media bias by increasing product specialization, with some papers focusing on propaganda and others on commercial content. Second, lower-level governme...
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作者：Dinerstein, Michael; Einav, Liran; Levin, Jonathan; Sundaresan, Neel
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; Stanford University; Microsoft
摘要：The platform design, the process that helps potential buyers on the internet navigate toward products they may purchase, plays a - critical role in reducing search frictions and determining market outcomes. We study a key - trade-off associated with two important roles of - efficient platform design: guiding consumers to their most desired product while also strengthening seller incentives to lower prices. We use simple theory to illustrate this, and then combine detailed browsing data from eB...
