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作者：Kleyen, Henrik; Kreiner, Claus; Larsen, Kristian; Sogaard, Jakob
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Copenhagen
摘要：We investigate long-run earnings responses to taxes in the presence of dynamic returns to effort. First, we develop a theoretical model of earnings determination with dynamic returns to effort. In this model, earnings responses are delayed and mediated by job switches. Second, using administrative data from Denmark, we verify our model's predictions about earnings and hours-worked patterns over the life cycle. Third, we provide a quasi-experimental analysis of long-run earnings elasticities. I...
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作者：Kang, Zi Yang; Vasserman, Shoshana
作者单位：University of Toronto; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Economists routinely make functional form assumptions on demand curves to derive welfare conclusions. How sensitive are these conclusions to such assumptions? In this paper, we develop robustness measures that quantify the extent to which the true demand curve must deviate from common functional form assumptions in order to overturn a welfare conclusion. We parametrize this variability in terms of the gradient and curvature of the demand curve. By leveraging tools from information design, we s...
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作者：Guarnieri, Eleonora
作者单位：University of Bristol
摘要：Ethnically diverse countries are more prone to conflict, but why do some groups engage in conflict, while others do not? I show that civil conflict in Africa is explained by ethnic groups' cultural distance to the central government: an increase in cultural distance, proxied by linguistic distance, increases an ethnicity's propensity to fight over government power. To identify this effect, I leverage within-ethnicity variation in linguistic distance resulting from power transitions between eth...
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作者：Boehm, Johannes; Fize, Etienne; Jaravel, Xavier
作者单位：Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Paris School of Economics; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We present five facts from an experiment on the marginal propensity to consume ( MPC ) out of transitory transfers: ( 1 ) the one-month MPC on a cash-like transfer is 23 percent; ( 2 ) it is substantially higher ( 61 percent) on a transfer administered via a card where remaining funds expire after three weeks, inconsistent with money fungibility; ( 3 ) the consumption response is concentrated in the first three weeks; ( 4 ) MPCs vary with household characteristics but are high even for the liq...
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作者：Cappelen, Alexander w.; Enke, Benjamin; Tungodden, Bertil
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper leverages nationally representative surveys across 60 countries and 64,000 respondents to present novel stylized facts about the relationship-specific nature of altruism. Across individuals, universalist preferences systematically vary with demographics such as age and religiosity and are predictive of many left-wing political views, albeit in culturally highly heterogeneous ways. Across countries, universalism is strongly linked to a broader radius of trust. Looking at origins, uni...
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作者：Dhyne, Emmanuel; Kikkawa, Ayumu Ken; Komatsu, Toshiaki; Mogstad, Magne; Tintelnot, Felix
作者单位：European Central Bank; National Bank of Belgium; University of British Columbia; National Bureau of Economic Research; National Taiwan University; University of Chicago; Duke University
摘要：We quantify the firm responses and real wage effects of foreign demand shocks. We use Belgian microdata to construct firm-specific measures of demand shocks, which capture that firms pass on foreign demand shocks to domestic suppliers. Our estimates of firm responses to these shocks suggest that firms face upward-sloping labor supply curves and have sizable fixed labor costs. We specify a general equilibrium model with these features to quantify the aggregate effects of simulated tariff shocks...
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作者：Munoz, Mathilde
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper demonstrates that labor market regulations, such as minimum wages or payroll taxes, shape trade competition in labor-intensive activities. I exploit data from a large European trade program where firms from different countries supply labor services at the same location but face different payroll taxes and minimum wage rules. Country case studies and model-consistent gravity estimates show large trade responses to tax and regulatory reforms, with an elasticity of trade in services to...
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作者：Chopra, Felix; Roth, Christopher; Wohlfart, Johannes
作者单位：Frankfurt School Finance & Management; Leibniz Association; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Ifo Institut; University of Cologne; University of Cologne
摘要：We conduct afield experiment with US households to study how expectations about long-run home price growth shape spending decisions. We exogenously vary survey respondents' expectations by providing different expert forecasts. Homeowners' spending, measured using rich home-scanner data, is inelastic to home price expectations. By contrast, renters reduce their spending when expecting higher home price growth. These patterns reflect positive wealth effects for owners from higher future wealth a...
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作者：Kono, Haruki; Saito, Kota; Sandroni, Alec
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); California Institute of Technology
摘要：The random utility model (RUM), a cornerstone in economics, is typically studied under the assumption that choice frequencies of all alternatives are observable. In practice, however, some alternatives have unobservable choice frequencies and are commonly aggregated into a single category called an outside option. We study RUM in such environments and derive a finite, nonredundant system of inequality constraints on observed choice frequencies that characterizes RU-rationalizability. We show t...
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作者：Hughes, Niall
作者单位：University of London; King's College London
摘要：I study multidistrict legislative elections with two parties and two binary dimensions of policy. Strategic voters focus on the dimension where their district is most likely to be pivotal in the legislature. Anticipating this, candidates select different policies than they would in single-district elections. The final policy is (i) uniquely pinned down by voter preferences, (ii) preferred by a majority of districts on each dimension, and (iii) a Condorcet winner if one exists. These properties...
