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作者：Carr, DL; Markusen, JR; Maskus, KE
作者单位：American University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Li, H; Rosen, S; Suen, W
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Chicago; University of Hong Kong
摘要：Committees improve decisions by pooling members' independent information, but promote manipulation, obfuscation, and exaggeration of private information when members have conflicting preferences. Committee decision procedures transform continuous data into ordered ranks through voting. This coarsens the transmission of information, but controls strategic manipulations and allows some degree of information sharing. Each member becomes more cautious in casting the crucial vote than when he alone...
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作者：Cuddington, JT; Moss, DL
作者单位：Georgetown University
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作者：Altig, D; Auerbach, AJ; Kotlikoff, LJ; Smetters, KA; Walliser, J
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Cleveland; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Boston University; University of Pennsylvania; International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper uses a new, large-scale, dynamic life-cycle simulation model to compare the welfare and macroeconomic effects of transitions to five fundamental alternatives to the U.S, federal income tax, including a proportional consumption tax and a flat tax. The model incorporates intragenerational heterogeneity, and a detailed specification of alternative tax systems. Simulation results project significant long-run increases in output for same reforms. For other reforms, namely those that seek...
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作者：Blanchard, O; Portugal, P
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Banco de Portugal; Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：Behind similar unemployment rates in the United States and Portugal hide two very different labor markets. Unemployment duration is three times longer in Portugal than in the United States. Symmetrically, flows of workers into unemployment are three times lower in Portugal. These lower flows come in roughly equal proportions from lower job creation and destruction, and from lower worker flows given job creation and destruction. A plausible explanation is high employment protection in Portugal....
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作者：Smith, JA; Todd, PE
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania
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作者：Hashimoto, M
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
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作者：Canzoneri, MB; Cumby, RE; Diba, BT
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：The fiscal theory, of price determination suggests that if primary, surpluses evolve independently, of government debt, the equilibrium price level jumps to assure fiscal solvency. In this non-Ricardian regime, fiscal policy-not monetary policy-provides the nominal anchor. Alternatively, in a Ricardian regime, primary surpluses are expected to respond to debt in a way that assures fiscal solvency, and the price level is determined in conventional ways. This paper argues that Ricardian regimes ...
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作者：Lewis, TR; Sappington, DEM
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida
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作者：Acemoglu, D; Robinson, JA
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We develop a theory of political transitions inspired by, the experiences of Western Europe and Latin America. Nondemocratic societies are controlled by a rich elite. The initially, disenfranchised poor can contest power by threatening revolution, especially when the opportunity, cost is low, for example, during recessions. The threat of revolution may force the elite to democratize. Democracy may, not consolidate because it is redistributive, and so gives the elite an incentive to mount a cou...
