Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Concurrent warming and browning eliminate cold- water fish habitat in many temperate lakes AI翻译
  作者：Jane, Stephen F.; Detmer, Thomas M.; Larrick, Siena L.; Rose, Kevin C.; Randall, Eileen A.; Jirka, Kurt J.; McIntyre, Peter B.
  作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; University of Notre Dame
  摘要：Cold- water species in temperate lakes face two simultaneous climate- driven ecosystem changes: warming and browning of their waters. Browning refers to reduced transparency arising from increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which absorbs solar energy near the surface. It is unclear whether the net effect is mitigation or amplification of climate warming impacts on suitable oxythermal habitat ( 20 degrees C, 5 mgO/L) for cold- loving species because browning expands the vertical distributi...
• A simplicial epidemic model for COVID-19 spread analysis AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Yuzhou; Gel, Yulia R.; Marathe, Madhav, V; Poor, H. Vincent
  作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF - Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences (MPS); NSF - Division of Mathematical Sciences (DMS); University of Virginia; University of Virginia; Princeton University
  摘要：Networks allow us to describe a wide range of interaction phenomena that occur in complex systems arising in such diverse fields of knowledge as neuroscience, engineering, ecology, finance, and social sciences. Until very recently, the primary focus of network models and tools has been on describing the pairwise relationships between system entities. However, increasingly more studies indicate that polyadic or higher-order group relationships among multiple network entities may be the key towa...
• ANGPTL4 binds to the leptin receptor to regulate ectopic bone formation AI翻译
  作者：Hu, Hongling; Luo, Sheng; Lai, Pinglin; Lai, Mingqiang; Mao, Linlin; Zhang, Sheng; Jiang, Yuanjun; Wen, Jiaxin; Zhou, Wu; Liu, Xiaolin; Wang, Liang; Huang, Minjun; Hu, Yanjun; Zhao, Xiaoyang; Xia, Laixin; Zhou, Weijie; Jiang, Yu; Zou, Zhipeng; Liu, Anling; Guo, Bin; Bai, Xiaochun
  作者单位：Southern Medical University - China; Southern Medical University - China; Southern Medical University - China; Southern Medical University - China; Southern Medical University - China; Southern Medical University - China; Southern Medical University - China; Southern Medical University - China; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Southern Medical University - China
  摘要：Leptin protein was thought to be unique to leptin receptor (LepR), but the phenotypes of mice with mutation in LepR [db/db (diabetes)] and leptin [ob/ob (obese)] are not identical, and the cause remains unclear. Here, we show that db/db, but not ob/ob, mice had defect in tenotomy- induced heterotopic ossification (HO), implicating alternative ligand(s) for LepR might be involved. Ligand screening revealed that ANGPTL4 (angiopoietin-like protein 4), a stress and fasting- induced factor, was eli...
• Parallel vector memories or single memory updating? AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Fengxiang; Pu, Yi; Kong, Xiang-Zhen
  作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; East China Normal University
• Single- cell atlas of Leishmania development in sandflies reveals the heterogeneity of transmitted parasites and their role in infection AI翻译
  作者：Catta-Preta, Carolina M. C.; Ghosh, Kashinath; Sacks, David L.; Ferreira, Tiago R.
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
  摘要：Sandfly vectors transmit Leishmania through egestion of parasites into the host skin. The transmissible dose is shaped by Leishmania development in the sandfly gut, described as a sequential differentiation of promastigote morphotypes. Apart from isolated mammal- infective metacyclic promastigotes, little is known about the transcriptional programs and molecular markers for other stages coinhabiting the midgut in mature infections and cotransmitted by the sandfly bite. Here, we elucidate the s...
• Modeling how and why aquatic vegetation removal can free rural households from poverty- disease traps AI翻译
  作者：Doruska, Molly J.; Barrett, Christopher B.; Rohr, Jason R.
  作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University; University of Notre Dame
  摘要：Infectious disease can reduce labor productivity and incomes, trapping subpopulations in a vicious cycle of ill health and poverty. Efforts to boost African farmers' agricultural production through fertilizer use can inadvertently promote the growth of aquatic vegetation that hosts disease vectors. Recent trials established that removing aquatic vegetation habitat for snail intermediate hosts reduces schistosomiasis infection rates in children, while converting the harvested vegetation into co...
• Impact of solar geoengineering on temperature- attributable mortality AI翻译
  作者：Harding, Anthony; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Yang, Wenchang; Keith, David W.
  作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Princeton University; Princeton University; University of Chicago
  摘要：Decisions about solar geoengineering (SG) entail risk-risk tradeoffs between the direct risks of SG and SG's ability to reduce climate risks. Quantitative comparisons between these risks are needed to inform public policy. We evaluate idealized SG's effectiveness in reducing deaths from warming using two climate models and an econometric analysis of temperature- attributable mortality. We find SG's impact on temperature- attributable mortality is uneven with decreases for hotter, poorer region...
• Accelerated cell- type- specific regulatory evolution of the human brain AI翻译
  作者：Joshy, Dennis; Santpere, Gabriel; Soojin, V. Yi
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Hospital del Mar Research Institute; Hospital del Mar; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
  摘要：The molecular basis of human brain evolution is a key piece in understanding the evolution of human- specific cognitive and behavioral traits. Comparative studies have suggested that human brain evolution was accompanied by accelerated changes of gene expression (referred to as regulatory evolution), especially those leading to an increase of gene products involved in energy production and metabolism. However, the signals of accelerated regulatory evolution were not always consistent across st...
• Triple oxygen isotopes of lunar water unveil indigenous and cometary heritage AI翻译
  作者：Thiemens, Maxwell M.; Martinez, Morgan H. Nunn; Thiemens, Mark H.
  作者单位：University of Edinburgh; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：The origin ofwater in the Earth- Moon system is a pivotal question in planetary science, particularly with the need for water resources in the race to establish lunar bases. The candidate origins of lunar water are an indigenous lunar component, solar wind water production, and the delivery of meteoritic and cometary material. Characterizing the oxygen isotopic composition of water provides information on lunar oxygen sources. The scarcity of lunar water required the development of a high- pre...
• CB1R activates the epilepsy- associated protein Go to regulate neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum AI翻译
  作者：Choi, Jung-Mi; Acharya, Rakshya; Cha, Hye Lim; Lee, Kwang-Wook; Seo, Jewoo; Yang, Esther; Kim, Hyun; Yoon, Jong Hyuk; Chang, Da-Young; Kim, Sung-Soo; Kim, Sang Jeong; Birnbaumer, Lutz; Suh-Kim, Haeyoung
  作者单位：Ajou University; Seoul National University (SNU); Korea University; Korea University Medicine (KU Medicine); Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI); Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); Ajou University
  摘要：GNAO1 encodes the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric Go protein. Despite being the most abundant G protein at synapses, the role of Go in the brain remains unclear, primarily because of the high mortality associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) 17 in Gnao1 mutated animals. Here, we conducted proteomic analyses with a brain synaptosomal fraction to investigate the Go- interactome and then generated a non-DEE model using Gli1 CreERT2 mice to selectively knockout (KO) th...