Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Phase separation of planetary ices explains nondipolar magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune AI翻译
  作者：Militzer, Burkhard
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：The Voyager spacecraft discovered that the ice giants Uranus and Neptune have nondipolar magnetic fields, defying expectations that a thick interior layer of planetary ices would generate strong dipolar fields. Stanley and Bloxham showed that nondipolar fields emerge if the magnetic field is only generated in a thin outer layer. However, the origin and composition of this dynamo active layer has so far remained elusive. Here, we show with ab initio computer simulations that a mixture of H2O, C...
• Survey-based inference of continental African elephant decline AI翻译
  作者：Edwards, Charles T. T.; Gobush, Kathleen S.; Maisels, Fiona; Balfour, Dave; Taylor, Russell; Wittemyer, George
  作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Wildlife Conservation Society; University of Stirling; Nelson Mandela University; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins
  摘要：of conservation status, which in turn is critical for planning and targeting management interventions. However, monitoring effort and methodologies can change over the assessment period, resulting in heterogeneous data that are difficult to interpret. Here, we develop a hierarchical, random effects Bayesian model to estimate sitelevel trends in density of African elephants from geographically disparate survey data. The approach treats the density trend per site as a random effect and estimates...
• CD2 expressing innate lymphoid and T cells are critical effectors of immunopathogenesis in hidradenitis suppurativa AI翻译
  作者：Kashyap, Mahendra Pratap; Mishra, Bharat; Sinha, Rajesh; Jin, Lin; Gou, Yifei; Kumar, Nilesh; Goliwas, Kayla F.; Haque, Safiya; Deshane, Jessy; Berglund, Erik; Berglund, David; Elewski, Boni E.; Elmets, Craig A.; Athar, Mohammad; Mukhtar, M. Shahid; Raman, Chander
  作者单位：University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; Uppsala University; Clemson University
  摘要：Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating inflammatory skin disease with a poorly understood immunopathogenesis. Here, we report that HS lesional skin is characterized by the expansion of innate lymphocytes and T cells expressing CD2, an essential activation receptor and adhesion molecule. Lymphocytes expressing elevated CD2 predominated with unique spatial distribution throughout the epidermis and hypodermis in the HS lesion. CD2+ cells were mainly innate lymphocytes expressing...
• IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes augment immune responses to therapeutic cancer vaccines AI翻译
  作者：Sobral, Miguel C.; Cabizzosu, Laura; Kang, Shawn J.; Ruark, Kyle; Najibi, Alex J.; Lane, Ryan S.; Vitner, Einat; Ijaz, Hamza; Dellacherie, Maxence O.; Dacus, Mason T.; Tringides, Christina M.; de Lazaro, Irene; Pittet, Mikael J.; Mueller, Soeren; Turley, Shannon J.; Mooney, David J.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Roche Holding; Roche Holding USA; Genentech; Harvard University; University of Geneva; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
  摘要：One driver of the high failure rates of clinical trials for therapeutic cancer vaccines is likely the inability to sufficiently engage conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), the antigen-presenting cell (APC) subset that is specialized in priming antitumor T cells. Here, we demonstrate that, relative to vaccination with an injectable mesoporous silica rod (MPS) vaccine alone (Vax), combining MPS vaccines with CD122-biased IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes (IL-2cx) drives similar to 3-fold expansi...
• Mediator kinase inhibitors suppress triple- negative breast cancer growth and extend tumor suppression by mTOR and AKT inhibitors AI翻译
  作者：Ding, Xiaokai; Liang, Jiaxin; Sharko, Amanda C.; Hilimire, Thomas A.; Li, Jing; Loskutov, Jurgen; Mack, Zachary T.; Ji, Hao; Schools, Gary P.; Cai, Chao; Pugacheva, Elena N.; Chen, Mengqian; Roninson, Igor B.; Broude, Eugenia V.
  作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; West Virginia University; University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
  摘要：Triple- negative breast cancers (TNBC) are treated primarily by chemotherapy and lack clinically validated therapeutic targets. In particular, inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, abnormally activated in many breast cancers, failed to achieve clinical efficacy in TNBC due to the development of adaptive drug resistance, which is largely driven by the transcriptomic plasticity of TNBC. Expression of CDK8/19 Mediator kinases that control transcriptional reprogramming correlates with relapse- ...
• Subchronic elevation in ambient temperature drives alterations to the sperm epigenome and accelerates early embryonic development in mice AI翻译
  作者：Trigg, Natalie; Schjenken, John E.; Martin, Jacinta H.; Skerrett-Byrne, David A.; Smyth, Shannon P.; Bernstein, Ilana R.; Anderson, Amanda L.; Stanger, Simone J.; Simpson, Ewan N. A.; Tomar, Archana; Teperino, Raffaele; Conine, Colin C.; De Iuliis, Geoffry N.; Roman, Shaun D.; Bromfield, Elizabeth G.; Dun, Matthew D.; Eamens, Andrew L.; Nixon, Brett
  作者单位：University of Newcastle; University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD); University of Melbourne; University of Melbourne; University of Newcastle; Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; University of the Sunshine Coast
  摘要：Forecasted increases in the prevalence and severity of extreme weather events accompanying changes in climatic behavior pose potential risk to the reproductive capacity of humans and animals of ecological and agricultural significance. While several studies have revealed that heat stress induced by challenges such as testicular insulation can elicit a marked negative effect on the male reproductive system, and particularly the production of spermatozoa, less is known about the immediate impact...
• Chirality-induced phonon spin selectivity by elastic spin-orbit interaction AI翻译
  作者：Yang, Chenwen; Ren, Jie
  作者单位：Tongji University
  摘要：Spin and orbital degrees of freedom are crucial in not only fundamental particles but also classical waves such as optical systems, wherein the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of light provides new perspectives for manipulating electromagnetic waves. Elastic waves possess similar spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM). However, the elastic counterpart of SOI remains unexplored, even for ubiquitous elastic waveguides (WG). Here, we demonstrate the existence of elastic SOI i...
• Identification and characterization of the lipoprotein N- acyltransferase in Bacteroides AI翻译
  作者：Armbruster, Krista M.; Jiang, Jiawen; Sartorio, Mariana G.; Scott, Nichollas E.; Peterson, Jenna M.; Sexton, Jonathan Z.; Feldman, Mario F.; Koropatkin, Nicole M.
  作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Washington University (WUSTL); University of Melbourne; Peter Doherty Institute; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
  摘要：Members of the Bacteroidota compose a large portion of the human gut microbiota, contributing to overall gut health via the degradation of various polysaccharides. This process is facilitated by lipoproteins, globular proteins anchored to the cell surface by a lipidated N- terminal cysteine. Despite their importance, lipoprotein synthesis by these bacteria is understudied. In Escherichia coli, the alpha- amino- linked lipid of lipoproteins is added by the lipoprotein N- acyltransferase Lnt. He...
• QnAs with Shoham Choshen- Hillel and Alex Gileles- Hillel AI翻译
  作者：Hardcastle, Matthew
• Sensory artificial cilia for in situ monitoring of airway physiological properties AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Yusheng; Negron, Carlos; Khoshnaw, Alend; Edwards, Steven; Vu, Hieu; Quatela, Joseph; Park, Nathan; Maldonado, Fabien; Demarest, Caitlin; Simon, Victoria; Oskay, Caglar; Dong, Xiaoguang
  作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University; Vanderbilt University
  摘要：Continuously monitoring human airway conditions is crucial for timely interventions, especially when airway stents are implanted to alleviate central airway obstruction in lung cancer and other diseases. Mucus conditions, in particular, are important biomarkers for indicating inflammation and stent patency but remain challenging to monitor. Current methods, reliant on computational tomography imaging and bronchoscope inspection, pose risks due to radiation and lack the ability to provide conti...