Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• GSK3β phosphorylation catalyzes the aggregation of tau into Alzheimer's disease- like filaments AI翻译
  作者：Chakraborty, Pijush; Purslow, Jeffrey A.; Fromm, Simon A.; Chatterjee, Debdeep; Zachrdla, Milan; Zhuang, Shannon; Puri, Sambhavi; Wolozin, Benjamin; Zweckstetter, Markus
  作者单位：Helmholtz Association; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL); Boston University; Boston University; Boston University
  摘要：The pathological deposition of proteins is a hallmark of several devastating neurodegenerative diseases. These pathological deposits comprise aggregates of proteins that adopt distinct structures named strains. However, the molecular factors responsible for the formation of distinct aggregate strains are unknown. Here, we show that the serine/ by several other kinases, promotes the aggregation of full- length tau as well as enhances reveals that the fibrils formed by GSK3(3- phosphorylated tau...
• Mantle oxidation by sulfur drives the formation of giant gold deposits in subduction zones AI翻译
  作者：He, Deng-Yang; Qiu, Kun-Feng; Simon, Adam C.; Pokrovski, Gleb S.; Yu, Hao-Cheng; Connolly, James A. D.; Li, Shan-Shan; Turner, Simon; Wang, Qing-Fei; Yang, Meng-Fan; Deng, Jun
  作者单位：China University of Geosciences; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; China University of Geosciences; Macquarie University
  摘要：Oxidation of the sub- arc mantle driven by slab- derived fluids has been hypothesized to contribute to the formation of gold deposits in magmatic arc environments that host the majority of metal resources on Earth. However, the mechanism by which the infiltration of slab- derived fluids into the mantle wedge changes its oxidation state and affects Au enrichment remains poorly understood. Here, we present the results of a numerical model that demonstrates that slab- derived fluids introduce lar...
• Autonomous phototaxis of hydrogel swimmers AI翻译
  作者：Cezana, S. Doruk; Aggarwal, Aaveg; Li, Chuang; Yuan, Hang; Palmer, Liam C.; de la Cruz, Monica Olvera; Stupp, Samuel I.
  作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Northwestern University
  摘要：The design of synthetic soft matter capable of emulating the complex behaviors of living organisms, such as sensing and adapting to their environment, remains an important challenge in developing biomimetic materials. Functionalized hydrogels are ideal candidates for such materials since they are highly responsive to their environment and can be operated in water. In this work, we investigate a hybrid bonding hydrogel composed of peptide amphiphile supramolecular nanofibers covalently attached...
• High- temperature high- k polyolefin by rational molecular design AI翻译
  作者：Hao, Jing; Mutegi, Irene; Mukherjee, Madhubanti; Sahu, Harikrishna; Khomane, Ashish; Yassin, Omer; Ramprasad, Rampi; Sotzing, Gregory A.; Cao, Yang
  作者单位：University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University of Connecticut
  摘要：Polymer film dielectrics are highly favored for capacitive energy storage due to the inherent advantages of high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss, and ease of processing. High- density renewables conversion and harsh- condition electrification further emphasize the need for high- temperature, high- k polymers. A unique design strategy is developed to augment high- temperature polyolefins with improved dielectric constant, via the integration of phenyl pendants hanging off the rigid bicy...
• C9orf72-linked arginine- rich dipeptide repeats aggravate pathological phase separation of G3BP1 AI翻译
  作者：Van Nerom, Margot; Ahmed, Junaid; Lazar, Tamas; Meszaros, Attila; Galand, Quentin; De Malsche, Wim; Van Lindt, Joris; Pancsa, Rita; Maes, Dominique; Tompa, Peter
  作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; HUN-REN; HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences
  摘要：The toxic effects of C9orf72- derived arginine-rich dipeptide repeats (R-DPRs) on cellular stress granules in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia remain unclear at the molecular level. Stress granules are formed through the switch of Ras GTPase- activating protein- binding protein 1 (G3BP1) by RNA from a closed inactive state to an open activated state, driving the formation of the organelle by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). We show that R-DPRs bind G3BP1 a ...
• Sulfur isotope anomalies in coal combustion: Applications to the present and early Earth environments AI翻译
  作者：Shen, Yanan; Zhang, Qixin; Xu, Yilun; Li, Menghan; Thiemens, Mark H.
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：The observation of mass- independent sulfur isotope fractionations (S-MIF) in Archean- Paleoproterozoic rocks has been instrumental in constraining oxygen levels on early Earth. The S-MIF effect, experimentally demonstrated to result from photochemical reactions, has now been observed in coal combustion, expanding our understanding of this phenomenon. Our study reveals that the negative Delta 33 S anomalies produced by coal combustion are consistent with similar anomalies observed in present- ...
• Could ChatGPT get an engineering degree? Evaluating higher education vulnerability to AI assistants AI翻译
  作者：Borges, Beatriz; Foroutan, Negar; Bayazit, Deniz; Sotnikova, Anna; Montariol, Syrielle; Nazaretzky, Tanya; Banaei, Mohammadreza; Sakhaeirad, Alireza; Servant, Philippe; Neshaei, Seyed Parsa; Frey, Jibril; Romanou, Angelika; Weiss, Gail; Mamooler, Sepideh; Chen, Zeming; Fan, Simin; Gao, Silin; Ismayilzada, Mete; Paul, Debyit; Schwaller, Philippe; Friedli, Sacha; Jermann, Patrick; Kaser, Tanya; Bosselut, Antoine; EPFL Grader Consortium, E. P. F. L. Grader; EPFL Data Consortium, E. P. F. L. Data
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
  摘要：AI assistants, such as ChatGPT, are being increasingly used by students in higher education institutions. While these tools provide opportunities for improved teaching and education, they also pose significant challenges for assessment and learning outcomes. We conceptualize these challenges through the lens of vulnerability, the potential for university assessments and learning outcomes to be impacted by student use of generative AI. We investigate the potential scale of this vulnerability by...
• Rescue of cochlear vascular pathology prevents sensory hair cell loss in Norrie disease AI翻译
  作者：Patel, Aara; Pauzuolyte, Valda; Ingham, Neil J.; Leong, Yeh Chwan; Berger, Wolfgang; Steel, Karen P.; Sowden, Jane C.
  作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; King's College London; University of Zurich; University of Zurich; Zurich Center Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP); University of Zurich; University of Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
  摘要：Variants in the gene NDP cause Norrie disease, a severe dual- sensory disorder characterized by congenital blindness due to disrupted retinal vascular development and progressive hearing loss accompanied by sensory hair cell death. NDP encodes the secreted signaling molecule norrin. The role of norrin in the cochlea is incompletely understood. We investigated whether the Norrie disease cochlear pathology can be ameliorated in an Ndp- knockout (Ndp- KO) mouse model by conditional activation of ...
• Comparing methods for statistical inference with model uncertainty (vol 119, e2120737119, 2022) AI翻译
  作者：Porwal, Anupreet; Raftery, Adrian E.
• Electrochemical cofactor recycling of bacterial microcompartments AI翻译
  作者：Sutter, Markus; Utschig, Lisa M.; Niklas, Jens; Paul, Sathi; Kahan, Darren N.; Gupta, Sayan; Poluektov, Oleg G.; Ferlez, Bryan H.; Tefft, Nicholas M.; Teravest, Michaela A.; Hickey, David P.; Vermaas, Josh V.; Ralston, Corie Y.; Kerfeld, Cheryl A.
  作者单位：Michigan State University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Michigan State University; Michigan State University
  摘要：Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are prokaryotic organelles that consist of a protein shell which sequesters metabolic reactions in its interior. While most of the substrates and products are relatively small and can permeate the shell, many of the encapsulated enzymes require cofactors that must be regenerated inside. We have analyzed the occurrence of an enzyme previously assigned as a cobalamin (vitamin B12) reductase and, curiously, found it in many unrelated BMC types that do not employ...