Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Invasive plants and their root traits are linked to the homogenization of soil microbial communities across the United States AI翻译
  作者：Nunez-Mir, Gabriela C.; McCary, Matthew A.
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Rice University
  摘要：Although the impacts of invasive plants on soil ecosystems are widespread, the role and impacts of invader root traits in structuring microbial communities remain poorly understood. Here, we present a macroecological study investigating how plant invaders and their root traits affect soil microbial communities, spanning data from 377 unique plots across the United States sampled multiple times, totaling 632 sampling events and 94 invasive plant species. We found that native and invasive plants...
• Meta- learning of human motor adaptation via the dorsal premotor cortex AI翻译
  作者：Sugiyama, Taisei; Uehara, Shintaro; Izawa, Jun
  作者单位：University of Tsukuba; Fujita Health University
  摘要：Meta- learning enables us to learn how to learn the same or similar tasks more efficiently. Decision- making literature theorizes that a prefrontal network, including the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, underlies meta- learning of decision making by reinforcement learning. Recently, computationally similar meta- learning has been theorized and empirically demonstrated in motor adaptation. However, it remains unclear whether meta- learning of motor adaptation also relies on a pre...
• Constitutive sodium permeability in a Caenorhabditis elegans two- pore domain potassium channel AI翻译
  作者：Andrini, Olga; Ben Soussia, Ismail; Tardy, Philippe; Walker, Denise S.; Pena-Varas, Carlos; Ramirez, David; Gendrel, Marie; Mercier, Marine; El Mouridi, Sonia; Leclercq-Blondel, Alice; Gonzaleze, Wendy; Schafer, William R.; Jospin, Maelle; Boulin, Thomas
  作者单位：Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; Universidad de Concepcion; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); Universidad de Talca; KU Leuven
  摘要：Two- pore domain potassium (K2P) channels play a central role in modulating cellular excitability and neuronal function. The unique structure of the selectivity filter in K2P and other potassium channels determines their ability to allow the selective passage of potassium ions across cell membranes. The nematode C. elegans has one of the largest K2P families, with 47 subunit- coding genes. This remarkable expansion has been accompanied by the evolution of atypical selectivity filter sequences ...
• Hyperspectral oblique plane microscopy enables spontaneous, label-free imaging of biological dynamic processes in live animals AI翻译
  作者：Guo, Ke; Kalyviotis, Konstantinos; Pantazis, Periklis; Rowlands, Christopher J.
  作者单位：Imperial College London
  摘要：Spontaneous Raman imaging has emerged as powerful label-free technique for investigating the molecular composition of medicines and biological specimens. Although Raman imaging can facilitate understanding of complex biological phenomena in vivo, current imaging modalities are limited in speed and sample compatibility. Here, we introduce a single-objective line-scanning light-sheet microscope, named .-OPM, which records Raman images on a timescale of minutes to seconds. To demonstrate its func...
• A role for cross- linking proteins in actin filament network organization and force generation AI翻译
  作者：Hill, Jennifer M.; Cai, Songlin; Carver, Michael D.; Drubin, David G.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：The high turgor pressure across the plasma membrane of yeasts creates a requirement for substantial force production by actin polymerization and myosin motor activity for clathrin- mediated endocytosis (CME). Endocytic internalization is severely impeded in the absence of fimbrin, an actin filament crosslinking protein called Sac6 in budding yeast. Here, we combine live- cell imaging and mathematical modeling to gain insights into the role of actin filament crosslinking proteins in force gener...
• Single- vesicle imaging reveals actin- dependent spatial restriction of vesicles at the active zone, essential for sustained transmission AI翻译
  作者：Miki, Takafumi; Okamoto, Yuji; Ueno-Umegai, Miyuki; Toyofuku, Rio; Hattori, Shun; Sakaba, Takeshi
  作者单位：Akita University; Doshisha University; Akita University; University Shiga Prefecture
  摘要：Synaptic- vesicle (SV) recruitment is thought to maintain reliable neurotransmitter release during high- frequency signaling. However, the mechanism underlying the SV reloading for sustained neurotransmission at central synapses remains unknown. To elucidate this, we performed direct observations of SV reloading and mobility at a single- vesicle level near the plasma membrane in cerebellar mossy fiber terminals using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, together with simultaneous...
• UBR-5 and UBE2D mediate timely exit from stem fate via destabilization of poly(A)- binding protein PABP-2 in cell state transition AI翻译
  作者：Moreno, Jose Francisco Calva; Jose, George; Weaver, Yi M.; Weaver, Benjamin P.
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
  摘要：UBR5 E3 ligase has been associated with cancer susceptibility and neuronal integrity, with functions in chromatin regulation and proteostasis. However, the functions of ubr5 within animals remain unclear due to lethality in both mammals and flies when disrupted. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that UBR-5 E3 ligase is required for timely exit of stem fate and complete transition into multiple cell type descendants in an ectodermal blast lineage. Animals lacking intact UBR-5 function simul...
• SHARK enables sensitive detection of evolutionary homologs and functional analogs in unalignable and disordered sequences AI翻译
  作者：Chow, Chi Fung Willis; Ghosh, Soumyadeep; Hadarovich, Anna; Petroczy, Agnes Toth -
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; Technische Universitat Dresden
  摘要：Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are structurally flexible protein segments with regulatory functions in multiple contexts, such as in the assembly of biomolecular condensates. Since IDRs undergo more rapid evolution than ordered regions, identifying homology of such poorly conserved regions remains challenging for state-of-the-art alignment-based methods that rely on position-specific conservation of residues. Thus, systematic functional annotation and evolutionary analysis of IDRs hav...
• Shedding light with harmonic radar: Unveiling the hidden impacts of streetlights on moth flight behavior AI翻译
  作者：Degen, Jacqueline; Storms, Mona; Lee, Chengfa Benjamin; Jechow, Andreas; Stoeckl, Anna Lisa; Hoelker, Franz; Jakhar, Aryan; Walter, Thomas; Walter, Stefan; Mitesser, Oliver; Hovestadt, Thomas; Degen, Tobias
  作者单位：University of Wurzburg; University of Wurzburg; Helmholtz Association; German Aerospace Centre (DLR); Leibniz Association; Leibniz Institut fur Gewasserokologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB); University of Konstanz; University of Konstanz; University of Konstanz; Free University of Berlin; Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) - Thiruvananthapuram; Brown University; Brown University; University of Wurzburg; University of Wurzburg
  摘要：One of the most dramatic changes occurring on our planet is the ever- increasing extensive use of artificial light at night, which drastically altered the environment to which nocturnal animals are adapted. Such light pollution has been identified as a driver in the dramatic insect decline of the past years. One nocturnal species group experiencing marked declines are moths, which play a key role in food webs and ecosystem services such as plant pollination. Moths can be easily monitored withi...
• Free- swimming bacteria transcriptionally respond to shear flow AI翻译
  作者：Ramachandran, Ashwin; Stone, Howard A.; Gitai, Zemer
  作者单位：Princeton University; Princeton University
  摘要：Surface- attached cells can sense and respond to shear flow, but planktonic (free- swimming) planktonic bacteria can transcriptionally respond to flow, inducing expression changes that are beneficial in flow. Specifically, we use microfluidic experiments and quantitative modeling to show that in the presence of flow, planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa induce shear rate-dependent genes that promote growth in low- oxygen environments. Untangling this mechanism revealed that in flow, motile P. aer...