Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• A complete and dynamic tree of birds AI翻译
  作者：McTavish, Emily Jane; Gerbracht, Jeff A.; Holder, Mark T.; Iliff, MarshallJ.; Lepage, Denis; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Redelings, Benjamin D.; Reyes, Luna L. Sanchez; Miller, Eliot T.
  作者单位：Cornell University; University of Kansas; University of Kansas
  摘要：We present a complete, time-scaled, evolutionary tree of the world's bird species. This tree unites phylogenetic estimates for 9,239 species from 262 studies published between 1990 and 2024, using the Open Tree synthesis algorithm. The remaining species are placed in the tree based on curated taxonomic information. The tips of this complete tree are aligned to the species in the Clements Taxonomy used by eBird and other resources, and cross-mapped to other taxonomic systems including the Open ...
• Dynamic interplay between niche variation and flight adaptability drove a hundred million years' dispersion in iconic lacewings AI翻译
  作者：Ou, Haohong; Yang, Jingtao; Wang, Honglong; Kang, Nuoyao; Li, Shumin; Chen, Yuting; Peng, Zihao; Xiang, Xianzhe; Engel, Michael S.; Winterton, Shaun L.; Ren, Dong; Yang, Qiang; Shi, Chaofan
  作者单位：Sun Yat Sen University; Guangzhou University; American Museum of Natural History (AMNH); California Department of Food & Agriculture; Capital Normal University
  摘要：The form and change of animal biogeography reflects the long-term interplay between organisms and their environment, involving physiological limitation, dispersal capability, and adaptive evolution versus plate tectonics, global climatic shifts, and changing landscapes. This is especially manifest for lineages with extended geological histories, which, therefore, evokes questions as to the associated processes producing such patterns. Insects, as the earliest flying animals, have exceptional a...
• Patulin and Xestoquinol are inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase AI翻译
  作者：Tumini, Emanuela; Wellinger, Ralf E.; Moyano, Emilia Herrera-; Cansino, Patricia Navarro-; Rubio, Maria Garcia-; Lloret, Daniel Salas-; Losada, Alejandro; Munoz-Alonso, Maria J.; Gaillard, Helene; Luna, Rosa; Aguilera, Andres
  作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Universidad Pablo de Olavide; University of Sevilla; CSIC - Centro Andaluz de Biologia Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER); University of Sevilla
  摘要：DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) is essential for transcription, replication, and repair. Its function relies on two catalytic steps, DNA breakage and rejoining. Inhibitors of the second step prevent DNA rejoining and lead to persistent DNA breaks, acting as topoisomerase poisons, used as anticancer drugs. However, reliable inhibitors of the first step are not available. Here, we provide genetic and molecular evidence supporting that Patulin and, to a lesser extent, Xestoquinol inhibit the first cat...
• Design principles for self- organization of mitotic spindle bipolarity AI翻译
  作者：Mitchison, Timothy J.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
• Molecular design of a therapeutic LSD analogue with reduced hallucinogenic potential AI翻译
  作者：Tuck, Jeremy R.; Dunlap, Lee E.; Khatib, Yara A.; Hatzipantelis, Cassandra J.; Novak, Sammy Weiser; Rahn, Rachel M.; Davis, Alexis R.; Mosswood, Adam; Vernier, Anna M. M.; Fenton, Ethan M.; Aarrestad, Isak K.; Tombari, Robert J.; Carter, Samuel J.; Deane, Zachary; Wang, Yuning; Sheridan, Arlo; Gonzalez, Monica A.; Avanes, Arabo A.; Powell, Noel A.; Chytil, Milan; Engel, Sharon; Fettinger, James C.; Jenkins, Amaya R.; Carlezon Jr, William A.; Nord, Alex S.; Kangas, Brian D.; Rasmussen, Kurt; Liston, Conor; Manor, Uri; Olson, David E.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; Salk Institute; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; McLean Hospital; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：Decreased dendritic spine density in the cortex is a key pathological feature of neuropsychiatric diseases including depression, addiction, and schizophrenia (SCZ). Psychedelics possess a remarkable ability to promote cortical neuron growth and increase spine density; however, these compounds are contraindicated for patients with SCZ or a family history of psychosis. Here, we report the molecular design and de novo total synthesis of (+)-JRT, a structural analogue of lysergic acid diethylamide...
• Elevated brain manganese induces motor disease by upregulating the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism AI翻译
  作者：Warden, Anna S.; Sharma, Nishant; Hutchens, Steven; Liu, Chunyi; Haggerty, Noah R.; Gurol, Kerem C.; Jursa, Thomas; Smith, Donald R.; Mayfield, Roy Dayne; Mukhopadhyay, Somshuvra
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Medical University
  摘要：Elevated brain levels of the essential metals manganese (Mn), copper, or iron induce motor disease. However, mechanisms of metal-induced motor disease are unclear and treatments are lacking. Elucidating the mechanisms of Mn-induced motor disease is particularly important because occupational and environmental Mn overexposure is a global public health problem. To address this, here we combined unbiased transcriptomics and metabolomics with functional studies in a mouse model of human environmen...
• PHLPP2 is a pseudophosphatase that lost activity in the metazoan ancestor AI翻译
  作者：Husremovic, Tarik; Meier, Vanessa; Piech, Lucas; Siess, Katharina M.; Antonioli, Sumire; Grishkovskaya, Irina; Kircheva, Nikoleta; Angelova, Silvia E.; Wenzl, Karoline; Brandstaetter, Andreas; Veis, Jiri; Miocic-Stosic, Fran; Anrather, Dorothea; Hartl, Markus; Truebestein, Linda; Cerron-Alvan, Luis M.; Leeb, Martin; Zagrovic, Bojan; Hann, Stephan; Bock, Christoph; Ogris, Egon; Dudev, Todor; Irwin, Nicholas A. T.; Haselbach, David; Leonard, Thomas A.
  作者单位：Medical University of Vienna; University of Vienna; Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL); Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Biocenter (VBC); University of Vienna; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP); Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; University of Chemical Technology & Metallurgy - Bulgaria; BOKU University; University of Vienna; Medical University of Vienna; University of Vienna; Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL); University of Vienna; University of Vienna; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Medical University of Vienna; University of Sofia; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)
  摘要：The phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K) pathway is a major regulator of cell and organisAkt, is observed in many human cancers. Pleckstrin homology domain leucine- rich repeat- containing protein phosphatases (PHLPP), two paralogous members of the metal- dependent protein phosphatase family, have been reported as negative regulators of Akt signaling and, therefore, tumor suppressors. However, the stoichiometry and identity of the bound metal ion(s), mechanism of action, and enzymatic specificity...
• A mechanically resilient soft hydrogel improves drug delivery for treating post-traumatic osteoarthritis in physically active joints AI翻译
  作者：Joshi, Nitin; Yan, Jing; Dang, Mickael; Slaughter, Kai; Wang, Yufeng; Wu, Dana; Ung, Trevor; Bhingaradiya, Nutan; Pandya, Virja; Chen, Mu Xian; Kaur, Shahdeep; Bhagchandani, Sachin; Alfassam, Haya A.; Joseph, John; Gao, Jingjing; Dewani, Mahima; Chu, Rachel Wai Chun; Yip, Ryan Chak Sang; Weldon, Eli; Shah, Purna; Pisal, Nishkal Dhiraj; Shukla, Chetan; Sherman, Nicholas E.; Luo, James N.; Conway, Thomas; Eickhoff Jr, James P.; Botelho, Luis; Alhasan, Ali H.; Karp, Jeffrey M.; Ermann, Joerg
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Harvard University
  摘要：Intra-articular delivery of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) is likely to be most effective in the early stages of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), when symptoms are minimal, and patients remain physically active. To ensure effective therapy, DMOAD delivery systems therefore must withstand repeated mechanical loading without altering the kinetics of drug release. While soft materials are typically preferred for DMOAD delivery, mechanical loading can compromise their structu...
• Lenacapavir disrupts HIV-1 core integrity while stabilizing the capsid lattice AI翻译
  作者：Li, Chenglei; Burdick, Ryan C.; Siddiqui, Rokeya; Janaka, Sanath Kumar; Hsia, Ru-ching; Hu, Wei-Shau; Pathak, Vinay K.
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI)
  摘要：Lenacapavir (GS- 6207; LEN) is a potent HIV- 1 capsid inhibitor approved for treating multidrug- resistant infection. LEN binds to a hydrophobic pocket between neighboring capsid (CA) proteins in hexamers and stabilizes the capsid lattice, but its effect on HIV- 1 capsids is not fully understood. Here, we labeled HIV- 1 capsids with green fluorescent protein fused to CA (GFP- CA) or a fluid- phase GFP content marker (cmGFP) to assess LEN's impact on HIV- 1 capsids. HIV- 1 cores labeled with GF...
• Multiplexing of cognitive encoding by oculomotor networks leads to incidental gaze shifts AI翻译
  作者：Rosen, Matthew C.; Freedman, David J.
  作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Chicago
  摘要：Humans and other animals are adept at learning to perform cognitively demanding behavioral tasks. Neurophysiological recordings in nonhuman primates during such tasks find that the requisite cognitive variables are encoded strongly in core oculomotor brain regions. Here, we assembled a large dataset-11 monkeys performing an abstract visual categorization task, surveyed across more than 1,000 neural recording sessions- to reveal that this produces a robust but uninstructed behavioral tell, obse...