Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Arylsulfamates inhibit colonic Bacteroidota growth through a sulfatase- independent mechanism AI翻译
  作者：Crawford, Conor J.; Tomlinson, Charles W. E.; Gunawan, Christian; Chen, Zongjia; Byrne, Dominic P.; Darby, Cosette; Conti, Martina L. G.; Larson, Tony; Luis, Ana S.; Elli, Stefano; Yates, Edwin A.; Bolam, David N.; van der Post, Sjoerd; Williams, Spencer J.; Cartmell, Alan
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of York - UK; University of York - UK; University of York - UK; University of Melbourne; University of Melbourne; University of Liverpool; Newcastle University - UK; University of Gothenburg; SciLifeLab; University of Gothenburg
  摘要：Excessive degradation of the colonic mucin layer by Bacteroides within the human gut microbiota drives inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. Bacterial carbohydrate sulfatases are key enzymes in gut colonization, and they are elevated in human IBD and correlate with disease severity.Selective inhibitors of carbohydrate sulfatases could function as sulfatase-selective drugs, allowing precise control of sulfatase activity while preserving these otherwise beneficial bacteria. Arylsulfamates ar...
• Revealing the structure of snowflakes using acoustic levitation AI翻译
  作者：Mason, Nigel John
  作者单位：University of Kent
• Do large language models have a theory of mind? AI翻译
  作者：Pang, Damian K. F.; Pang, Severin K. Y.; Broeker, Marianne D.; Hibble, Alix
  作者单位：University of Oxford; University of St Andrews
• Stress-mediated growth determines Escherichia coli division site morphogenesis AI翻译
  作者：Pelech, Petr; Navarro, Paula P.; Vettiger, Andrea; Chao, Luke H.; Allolio, Christoph
  作者单位：Charles University Prague; University of Lausanne; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital
  摘要：In order to proliferate, bacteria must remodel their cell wall at the division site. The division process is driven by the enzymatic activity of peptidoglycan synthases and hydrolases around the constricting Z-ring. We introduce a morphoelastic model that correctly reproduces the shape of the division site during the constriction and septation phases of Escherichia coli. In the model, mechanical stress directs the transformation of the bacterial wall. The two constants associated with growth a...
• PI(4)P recruits CIDE proteins to promote the formation of unilocular lipid droplets during adipogenesis and hepatic steatosis AI翻译
  作者：Wu, Jin; Gao, Mingming; Wu, Xiaoqin; Liu, Yang; Zhang, Taiping; Liang, Yan; Yang, Haixia; Ma, Chengxin; Ye, Youpi; Chang, Chunmei; Li, Peng; Chen, Feng-Jung; Yang, Hongyuan
  作者单位：Fudan University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Health Science Center Houston; Hebei Medical University; Zhengzhou University; University of New South Wales Sydney
  摘要：Lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles that play important roles in metabolism. Each LD is enclosed by a monolayer of phospholipids, distinct from bilayer membranes. The composition of LD surface phospholipids and their impact on LD growth and function remain to be defined. Phosphoinositides mark cellular organelles and regulate organellar function. Here, we demonstrate that PI(4) P decorates a subset of LDs to recruit and activate CIDE proteins. Enhanced expression of OR...
• p63 and ZNF148 cooperate to regulate head and neck squamous cell carcinoma AI翻译
  作者：Pecorari, Rosalba; Mancini, Mara; Smirnov, Artem; Corleone, Giacomo; Novelli, Flavia; Lena, Anna Maria; Canonico, Mariacristina Franzese; Montanaro, Manuela; Cappello, Angela; Sacconi, Andrea; Misso, Gabriella; Falco, Michela; Tammaro, Chiara; Ciccosanti, Fabiola; Piacentini, Mauro; Scimeca, Manuel; Caraglia, Michele; Blandino, Giovanni; Mauriello, Alessandro; Fanciulli, Maurizio; Melino, Gerry; Candi, Eleonora
  作者单位：IRCCS Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI); University of Rome Tor Vergata; University of Hawaii System; Cancer Research Center of Hawaii; Universita della Campania Vanvitelli
  摘要：Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common and aggressive malignancy. While significant advances have been made in the management of low-grade cancer, treatment of advanced HNSCC remains challenging. Here, we used a proteomic approach to find binding partners of the oncogene p63, the most frequently amplified transcription factor in HNSCC. We identified a zinc finger protein, ZNF148, which is coexpressed and physically binds p63 in carcinoma cells. Genome occupancy analyses iden...
• Outdated reproductive norms, the naturalistic fallacy, and misunderstandings of welfare in recent call for zoo breed- and- feed programs AI翻译
  作者：Ferraro, Kristy M.; Ferraro, Anthony L.; Monk, Julia D.; Forbes, Elizabeth S.
  作者单位：Memorial University Newfoundland
• Homoploid hybridization adds clarity to the origins of octoploid strawberries AI翻译
  作者：Fan, Zhen; Liston, Aaron; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Ashman, Tia - Lynn; Hummer, Kim E.; Whitaker, Vance M.
  作者单位：Zhejiang A&F University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Oregon State University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  摘要：The evolutionary histories of many polyploid plant species are difficult to resolve due to a complex interplay of hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting, and missing diploid progenitors. In the case of octoploid strawberry with four subgenomes designated ABCD, the identities of the diploid progenitors for subgenomes C and D have been subject to much debate. By integrating new sequencing data from North American diploids with reticulate phylogeny and admixture analyses, we uncovered introgre...
• Reciprocal interaction between cortical SST and PV interneurons in top-down regulation of retinothalamic refinement AI翻译
  作者：Jiang, Qiufen; Wu, Sherry Jingjing; Fishell, Gord; Chen, Chinfei
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute
  摘要：Refinement of thalamic circuits is crucial for the proper maturation of sensory circuits. In the visual system, this process is regulated by corticothalamic feedback during the experience- dependent phase of development. Yet the cortical circuits modulating this feedback remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate opposing roles for cortical somatostatin during the thalamic sensitive period (P20- 30). Early in the refinement process, SST interneurons promote the strengthening and pruning of retinal i...
• Tabula rasa agents display emergent in-group behavior AI翻译
  作者：Koster, Raphael; Duenez-Guzman, Edgar A.; Cunningham, William A.; Leibo, Joel Z.
  作者单位：Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; DeepMind; University of Toronto; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence; University of Toronto
  摘要：Theories on group-bias often posit an internal preparedness to bias one's cognition to favor the in-group (often envisioned as a product of evolution). In contrast, other theories suggest that group-biases can emerge from nonspecialized cognitive processes. These perspectives have historically been difficult to disambiguate given that observed behavior can often be attributed to innate processes, even when groups are experimentally assigned. Here, we use modern techniques from the field of AI ...