Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Direct sensing of host ferric iron by an archetype histidine kinase mediates virulence of an enteric pathogen AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Yibei; Xiao, Gang; Ding, Haoyuan; Zou, Qian; Gu, Dan; Wen, Jiachen; Pei, Yonggang; Guo, Rongxian; Wang, Qiyao; Zhou, Xiaohui
  作者单位：Southern University of Science & Technology; East China University of Science & Technology; Yangzhou University; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Henan University of Science & Technology
  摘要：Two-component system (TCS) histidine kinases enable bacterial pathogens to sense environmental signals and regulate adaptive responses during infection. The EnvZ/ OmpR TCS, known for its role in osmolarity/pH-dependent regulation of outer membrane porins across bacterial species, is also a central virulence regulator. However, the environmental cues that activate EnvZ/OmpR to trigger pathogenicity have remained unclear, limiting our understanding of host-pathogen interactions. Here, we demonst...
• Stepwise deactivation of gibberellins during rice internode elongation AI翻译
  作者：Ishida, Toshiaki; Zhang, Yingying; Zhu, Hongbo; Fudano, Shoko; Peng, Yu; Seto, Yoshiya; Mashiguchi, Kiyoshi; Liu, Jiyun; He, Zuhua; Zhang, Shubiao; Yamaguchi, Shinjiro
  作者单位：Kyoto University; Tohoku University; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, CAS; Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University; Guangdong Ocean University; Meiji University
  摘要：Bioactive gibberellins (GAs) are a class of plant hormones that regulate various aspects of plant growth and development, and several key GA deactivation enzymes have been identified. In rice, non- 13- hydroxylated GAs have been shown to be deactivated via 160x,17- epoxidation by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE the product of EUI from bioactive GA4, has shown weak bioactivity on rice seedlings, how 160x,17- epoxyGAs are further deactivated remains elusive. Here, ...
• Evolution of the essential gene MN1 during the macroevolutionary transition toward patterning the vertebrate hindbrain AI翻译
  作者：Escamilla-Vega, Elio; Seton, Louk W. G.; Kyomen, Stella; Murillo-Rincon, Andrea P.; Petersen, Julian; Tautz, Diethard; Kaucka, Marketa
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; Leipzig University
  摘要：The tight link between brain and skull formation is a fundamental aspect of vertebrate evolution and embryogenesis. Their developmental synchronization is essential for structural and functional integration. The brain and skull shape coevolution is evident along the vertebrate phylogeny; however, the genetic basis underlying their close evolutionary and developmental relationship remains little explored. Here, we reveal the evolution and function of the MN1 gene that was previously found to be...
• Specialized molecular pathways drive the formation of light- scattering assemblies in leucophores AI翻译
  作者：Barzilay, Yuval; Eyal, Zohar; Noy, Yael; Varsano, Neta; Olender, Tsviya; Bera, Sourabh; Lerer-Goldshtein, Tali; Kedmi, Merav; Porat, Ziv; Pinkas, Iddo; Levin-Zaidman, Smadar; Dezorella, Nili; Gur, Dvir
  作者单位：Weizmann Institute of Science; Weizmann Institute of Science; Weizmann Institute of Science
  摘要：Pigmentation plays a vital role in the survival of organisms, supporting functions such as camouflage, communication, and mate attraction. In vertebrates, these functions are mediated by specialized pigment cells known as chromatophores of which, uric acid crystal-forming leucophores remain the least understood, with little known about their molecular mechanisms. A key question in pigment cell biology is whether different crystal chemistries require distinct molecular pathways, or whether simi...
• Ancient DNA suggests a historical demographic decline and genetic erosion in the Atlantic bluefin tuna AI翻译
  作者：Andrews, Adam Jon; Eriksen, Emma Falkeid; Star, Bastiaan; Praebel, Kim; Di Natale, Antonio; Malca, Estrella; Onar, Vedat; Aniceti, Veronica; Carenti, Gabriele; Piques, Gael; Nielsen, Svein Vatsvag; Persson, Per; Piattoni, Federica; Fontani, Francesco; Atmore, Lane M.; Kersten, Oliver; Tinti, Fausto; Cilli, Elisabetta; Cariani, Alessia
  作者单位：Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA); University of Bologna; University of Oslo; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; University of Miami; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; Mugla Sitki Kocman University; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Universite Cote d'Azur; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paul-Valery; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Montpellier; University of Oslo; University of Bologna; University of British Columbia
  摘要：Overexploitation has depleted fish stocks during the past century; nonetheless, its genomic consequences remain poorly understood for most species. Characterizing the spatiotemporal patterns of these consequences may provide baseline estimates of past diversity and productivity to aid management targets, help predict future dynamics, and facilitate the identification of evolutionary factors limiting fish population recovery. Here, we evaluate human impacts on the evolution of the iconic Atlant...
• Basement membrane patterning by spatial deployment of a secretion-regulating protease AI翻译
  作者：Ku, Hui - Yu; Bilder, David
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：While paradigms for patterning of cell fates in development are well established, paradigms for patterning morphogenesis, particularly when organ shape is influenced by the extracellular matrix (ECM), are not. Morphogenesis of the Drosophila egg chamber (follicle) depends on anterior-posterior distribution of basement membrane (BM) components such as Collagen IV (Col4), whose gradient creates tissue mechanical properties that specify the degree of elongation. Here, we show that the gradient is...
• Hot liquid marbles AI翻译
  作者：Roy, Pritam Kumar; Takai, Yui; Matsubara, Rui; Tenjimbayashi, Mizuki; Mouterde, Timothee
  作者单位：University of Tokyo; National Institute for Materials Science
  摘要：In the insect realm, liquids become traps due to capillary and viscous forces dominant at their scale. Yet, aphids handle the highly viscous honeydew droplets they secrete by coating them with hydrophobic wax powder which maintains an air layer between their body and the liquid. These coated droplets, known as liquid marbles, exhibit low friction and high mobility, enabling manipulation of small liquid volumes which is useful for biomedical analysis where sample volumes are limited, chemistry ...
• Activation mechanism of small heat shock protein HSPB5 revealed by disease-associated mutants AI翻译
  作者：Woods, Christopher N.; Janowska, Maria K.; Ulmer, Lindsey D.; Sidhu, Jasleen Kaur; Stone, Natalie L.; James, Ellie I.; Guttman, Miklos; Bush, Matthew F.; Klevit, Rachel E.
  作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
  摘要：Found from bacteria to humans, small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are the least understood protein chaperones. HSPB5 (or alpha B-crystallin) is among the most widely expressed of the 10 human sHSPs, including in muscle, brain, and eye lens where it is constitutively present at high levels. A high content of disorder in HSPB5 has stymied efforts to uncover how its structure gives rise to function. To uncover its mechanisms of action, we compared human HSPB5 and two disease-associated mutants, R1...
• Persistent pseudopod splitting is an effective chemotaxis strategy in shallow gradients AI翻译
  作者：Alonso, Albert; Kirkegaard, Julius B.; Endres, Robert G.
  作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Niels Bohr Institute; University of Copenhagen; Imperial College London; Imperial College London
  摘要：Single-cell organisms and various cell types use a range of motility modes when following a chemical gradient, but it is unclear which mode is best suited for different gradients. Here, we model directional decision-making in chemotactic amoeboid cells as a stimulus-dependent actin recruitment contest. Pseudopods extending from the cell body compete for a finite actin pool to push the cell in their direction until one pseudopod wins and determines the direction of movement. Our minimal model p...
• Unconventional secretion of PARK7 requires lysosomal delivery via chaperone- mediated autophagy and specialized SNARE complex AI翻译
  作者：Dash, Biplab Kumar; Urano, Yasuomi; Mita, Yuichiro; Ashida, Yuki; Hirose, Ryoma; Noguchi, Noriko
  作者单位：Doshisha University; Doshisha University
  摘要：PARK7/DJ-1, a redox-sensitive protein implicated in neurodegeneration, cancer, and inflammation, exhibits increased secretion under stress. We previously demonstrated that, as a leaderless protein, PARK7 relies on an unconventional autophagy pathway for stress-induced secretion. The current study delves deeper into the mechanisms governing PARK7 secretion under oxidative stress triggered by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Here, we revealed that 6-OHDA-induced autophagic flux is crit...