Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

最新文章

• China's SO2 emission reductions enhance atmospheric ozone-driven sulfate aerosol production in East Asia AI翻译
  作者：Lin, Yu-Chi; Zhao, Yan; Zhang, Yan-Lin; Hong, Yihang; Hattori, Shohei; Itahashi, Syuichi; Fan, Mei-Yi; Xie, Feng; Zhao, Zhu-Yu; Yu, Mingyuan; Cao, Fang; Xu, Rongshuang; Li, Jianghanyang; Kawamura, Kimitaka; Thiemens, Mark H.
  作者单位：Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology; Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Kanazawa University; Kyushu University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; Chubu University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：Reduction of China's SO2 emissions has been found to nonlinearly decrease the atmospheric sulfate (SO42-) aerosol concentrations in East Asia. Compared to Europe and North America, the lower effectiveness of SO42-reduction in East Asia suggested much effects of acidity-sensitive feedback mechanisms in this high anthropogenic emission region, which have not been yet examined. In this work, we investigated these feedback mechanisms in East Asia through long-term measurements of the mass-independ...
• Why grain growth is not curvature flow AI翻译
  作者：Qiu, Caihao; Srolovitz, David J.; Rohrer, Gregory S.; Han, Jian; Salvalaglio, Marco
  作者单位：City University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong; Carnegie Mellon University; Technische Universitat Dresden; Technische Universitat Dresden
  摘要：Grain growth in polycrystals is traditionally considered a capillarity-driven process, where grain boundaries (GBs) migrate toward their centers of curvature (i.e., mean curvature flow) with a velocity proportional to the local curvature (including extensions to account for anisotropic GB energy and mobility). Experimental and simulation evidence shows that this simplistic view is untrue. We demonstrate that the failure of the classical mean curvature flow description of grain growth mainly or...
• Homology-arm length of donor DNA affects the impact of Msh2 loss on homologous recombination-mediated gene targeting AI翻译
  作者：Saito, Shinta; Suzuki, Tetsuya; Nohmi, Takehiko; Adachi, Noritaka
  作者单位：Yokohama City University; Hiroshima University; National Institute of Health Sciences - Japan
  摘要：Efficient targeted integration (TI) of homologous donor DNA is crucial for precise genome editing. Although mismatch repair (MMR) is known to suppress TI as well as homologous recombination (HR) when sequence divergence is present, it remains controversial as to whether MMR affects TI of isogenic donor DNA. In this study, we investigated whether and how the MMR protein Msh2 affects TI of isogenic donor DNA. We found that HR-dependent TI is suppressed by Msh2 only when a homology arm of donor D...
• Antlers on does: An unexpected role of macrophages in deer biology AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Datao; Ba, Hengxing; Li, Xunsheng; Castillejos, Tomas Landete -; Shi, Wanwan; Wang, Zhen; Ren, Jing; Sun, Hongmei; Chonco, Louis; Ma, Chao; Zhang, Guokun; Melino, Gerry; Shi, Yufang; Li, Chunyi
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Special Animal & Plant Sciences, CAAS; Jilin Agricultural University; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Investigacion en Recursos Cinegeticos (IREC); Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Soochow University - China
  摘要：Antlers, a male deer secondary sex characteristic, are unique mammalian appendages that fully regenerate annually, under androgen regulation. Stem cells located in the antlerogenic periosteum (AP), a tissue overlaying the frontal crest of both male and female deer, play a crucial role in antlerogenesis. Nonetheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms as to how antlerogenesis is regulated by androgens remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that androgens regulate antler growth via macrophage...
• Human-AI collectives most accurately diagnose clinical vignettes AI翻译
  作者：Zoeller, Nikolas; Berger, Julian; Lin, Irving; Fu, Nathan; Komarneni, Jayanth; Barabucci, Gioele; Laskowski, Kyle; Shia, Victor; Harack, Benjamin; Chu, Eugene A.; Trianni, Vito; Kurvers, Ralf H. J. M.; Herzog, Stefan M.
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Cologne; Claremont Colleges; Harvey Mudd College; University of Oxford; Kaiser Permanente; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione (ISTC-CNR); Technical University of Berlin
  摘要：AI systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), are increasingly being employed in high-stakes decisions that impact both individuals and society at large, often without adequate safeguards to ensure safety, quality, and equity. Yet LLMs hallucinate, lack common sense, and are biased-shortcomings that may reflect LLMs' inherent limitations and thus may not be remedied by more sophisticated architectures, more data, or more human feedback. Relying solely on LLMs for complex, high-stakes ...
• Water- rich incipient melt of the deep upper mantle indicates locally preserved low- velocity zones above the 410 km discontinuity AI翻译
  作者：Xie, Longjian; Katsura, Tomoo; Miyajima, Nobuyoshi; Qu, Tongzhang; Mao, Ho-Kwang
  作者单位：University of Bayreuth; University of London; University College London
  摘要：Seismic low-velocity layers (LVLs), frequently attributed to hydrous-silicate melts, are detected globally but exhibit lateral discontinuities. Geophysical and laboratory studies of water content in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) and upper mantle solubility limits suggest these layers likely form through global dehydration melting near the 410 km discontinuity (D410). A key hypothesis posits that melts form globally but are preserved only where melt stability permits retention. However, chal...
• Motor-driven microtubule diffusion in a photobleached dynamical coordinate system AI翻译
  作者：Hirokawa, Soichi; Lee, Heun Jin; Banks, Rachel A.; Duarte, Ana I.; Najma, Bibi; Thomson, Matt; Phillips, Rob
  作者单位：California Institute of Technology; California Institute of Technology; California Institute of Technology; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
  摘要：A hallmark feature of active matter systems is the ability of individual elements to interact and organize over length scales exceeding that of the constituent molecular players. However, the nature of internal redistribution that occurs in the bulk of the collective is less clear. Using light-dimerizable kinesin motors to spatially control the formation and contraction of a microtubule network, we deliberately photobleach a grid pattern onto the filament network serving as a transient and dyn...
• Dynamic early recruitment of GAK-Hsc70 regulates coated pit maturation AI翻译
  作者：He, Zhangping; Zuo, Peiyao; Xu, Peiliu; Yuan, Haozhi; Bhave, Madhura; Wei, Xiangying; Yang, Ziyan; Han, Lu; Schmid, Sandra L.; Chen, Zhiming
  作者单位：University of South China; University of South China; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI); Minjiang University
  摘要：Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) begins with the assembly of clathrin onto the plasma membrane. These structures grow and stabilize to form clathrin-coated pits (CCPs), which invaginate and accumulate cargo. Finally, through membrane fission, CCPs detach to form clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). Mechanisms governing the transition of CCPs from flat-to-curved structures have been a matter of debate. GAK and its chaperone protein, Hsc70, are well known to mediate clathrin release from CCVs, an...
• Nanoimmunomodulation of the Aβ- STING feedback machinery in microglia for Alzheimer's disease treatment AI翻译
  作者：Tian, Limin; Long, Guangyu; Zhu, Siqi; Wang, Yuelong; Xu, Pengcheng; Liu, Lifeng; Yao, Hong; Fang, Shentong; Chen, Shuqing; Li, Suxin
  作者单位：China Pharmaceutical University; Inner Mongolia Medical University; China Pharmaceutical University; China Pharmaceutical University; Huazhong University of Science & Technology
  摘要：Imbalanced production and clearance of amyloid-n (An) is a hallmark pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While several monoclonal antibodies targeting An have shown reductions in amyloid burden, their impact on cognitive function remains controversial, with the added risk of inflammatory side effects. Dysregulated stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, yet the biological interaction between this pathway and An, as well as the...
• Galvanotactic directionality of cell groups depends on group size AI翻译
  作者：Copos, Calina; Sun, Yao-Hui; Zhu, Kan; Zhang, Yan; Reid, Brian; Draper, Bruce; Lin, Francis; Yue, Haicen; Bernadskaya, Yelena; Zhao, Min; Mogilner, Alex
  作者单位：Northeastern University; Northeastern University; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; Hangzhou Normal University; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Manitoba; University of Vermont; New York University; New York University
  摘要：Motile cells migrate directionally in the electric field (EF) in a process known as galvanotaxis, an important phenomenon in wound healing and development. We previously reported that individual fish keratocyte cells migrate to the cathode in EFs, that inhibition of PI3 kinase (PI3K) reverses single cells to the anode, and that large cohesive groups of either unperturbed or PI3K-inhibited cells migrate to the cathode. Here, we report that small uninhibited cell groups move to the cathode, whil...