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作者：Zhang, Chi; Yang, Jin-Yuan; Sun, Tao; Zhang, Huai; Brodholt, John P.
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of London; University College London; University of Oslo
摘要：CaSiO3 perovskite (CaPv) is the last major mineral in the Earth's lower mantle whose elasticity remains largely unresolved. Here, we investigate the elasticity of CaPv using ab initio machine-learning force fields (MLFF). At room temperature, the elasticity of tetragonal CaPv determined by MLFF molecular dynamics (MD) agrees well with experimental measurements after considering temperature induced variations in the hydrostatic structure, proving the effectiveness of the method. We use the MLFF...
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作者：Avila, Ashley; Lewandowski, Ava S.; Li, Yongjun; Gui, Jesse; Lee, Kaeun A.; Yang, Zhenglang; Kim, Mari; Lyles, James T.; Man, Kai; Sehgal, Amita; Chandler, Joshua D.; Zhang, Shirley L.
作者单位：Emory University; University of Pennsylvania; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Pennsylvania; Emory University; Emory University; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA)
摘要：To regulate brain function, peripheral compounds must traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB), an interface between the brain and the circulatory system. To determine whether specific transport mechanisms are relevant for sleep, we conducted a BBB- specific inducible RNAi knockdown (iKD) screen for genes affecting sleep in Drosophila. We observed reduced sleep with knockdown of solute carrier CG6126, a carnitine transporter, as determined by isotope flux. Our findings suggest that CG6126 regula...
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作者：Nakamura, Shun; Tanimura, Yukihiro; Nomura, Risa; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Nishikawa, Kouki; Kamegawa, Akiko; Numoto, Nobutaka; Tanaka, Atsushi; Kawabata, Shigeru; Sakaguchi, Shoichi; Emi, Akino; Suzuki, Youichi; Fujiyoshi, Yoshinori
作者单位：Okayama University; Osaka Medical & Pharmaceutical University; Osaka Medical & Pharmaceutical University; Osaka Medical & Pharmaceutical University
摘要：Pathogen mutations present an inevitable and challenging problem for therapeutics and the development of mutation- tolerant anti- infective drugs to strengthen global health and combat evolving pathogens is urgently needed. While spike proteins on viral surfaces are attractive targets for preventing viral entry, they mutate frequently, making it difficult to develop effective therapeutics. Here, we used a structure- guided strategy to engineer an inhibitor peptide against the SARS- CoV- 2 spik...
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作者：Priya, Manisha; Gupta, Sonu Kumar; Koundal, Anil; Kapoor, Srajan; Tiwari, Snigdha; Kidwai, Saqib; Carvalho, Luiz Pedro Sorio de; Thakur, Krishan Gopal; Mahajan, Dinesh; Sharma, Deepak; Kumar, Yashwant; Singh, Ramandeep
作者单位：Department of Biotechnology (DBT) India; Translational Health Science & Technology Institute (THSTI); Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Roorkee; Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - India; CSIR - Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH)
摘要：Itaconate, an abundant metabolite produced by macrophages upon interferon-gamma stimulation, possesses both antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. Despite its crucial role in immunity and antimicrobial control, its mechanism of action and dissimilation are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that infection of mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis increases itaconate levels in lung tissues. We also show that exposure to itaconate inhibits M. tuberculosis growth in vitro, in macrophag...
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作者：Wei, Xue-Xin; Woodford, Michael
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Columbia University
摘要：Measuring and interpreting errors in behavioral tasks is critical for understanding cognition. Conventional wisdom assumes that encoding/decoding errors for continuous variables in behavioral tasks should naturally have Gaussian distributions, so that deviations from normality in the empirical data indicate the presence of more complex sources of noise. This line of reasoning has been central for prior research on working memory. Here, we reassess this assumption and find that even in ideal ob...
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作者：Ponce, David; Krishnamurthy, Subramanian
作者单位：Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Reno; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University Biomedical & Health Sciences; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
摘要：In the pregenomic era, scientists were puzzled by the observation that haploid genome size (the C- value) did not correlate well with organismal complexity. This phenomenon, called the C- value paradox, is mostly explained by the fact that protein- coding genes occupy only a small fraction of eukaryotic genomes. When the first genome sequences became available, scientists were even more surprised by the fact that the number of genes (G- value) was also a poor predictor of complexity, which gav...
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作者：Yang, Beibei; Guo, Yao; Liu, Lilong; Huang, Ting; Zhao, Bo; Bai, Wanyu; Zhang, Guigen; Zhu, Chengming; Dong, Junchao
作者单位：Sun Yat Sen University; Sun Yat Sen University; Sun Yat Sen University; Sun Yat Sen University
摘要：The LIM- domain- only protein LMO2 interacts with LDB1 in context- dependent multiprotein complexes and plays key roles in erythropoiesis and T cell leukemogenesis, but whether they have any roles in B cells is unclear. Through a CRISPR/Cas9-based loss- of- function screening, we identified LMO2 and LDB1 as factors for class switch recombination (CSR) in murine B cells. LMO2 contributes to CSR at least in part by promoting end joining of DNA double- strand breaks (DSBs) and inhibiting end rese...
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作者：Duan, Jifu; Rutz, Andreas; Kawamoto, Akihiro; Naskar, Shuvankar; Edenharter, Kristina; Leimkuehler, Silke; Hofmann, Eckhard; Happe, Thomas; Kurisu, Genji
作者单位：Ruhr University Bochum; University of Osaka; University of Potsdam; Ruhr University Bochum
摘要：[FeFe]- hydrogenases catalyze the reversible two- electron reduction of two protons to molecular hydrogen. Although these enzymes are among the most efficient H2- converting biocatalysts in nature, their catalytic cofactor (termed H- cluster) is irreversibly destroyed upon contact with dioxygen. The [FeFe]- hydrogenase CbA5H from Clostridium beijerinckii has a unique mechanism to protect the H- cluster from oxygen- induced degradation. The protective strategy of CbA5H was proposed based on a p...
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作者：Olsen, Paul E.; Maclennan, Scott A.; Sha, Jingeng; Kinney, Sean T.; Chang, Clara; Fang, Yanan; Liu, Jun; Slibeck, Bennett B.; Chen, Elaine; Schoene, Blair
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Witwatersrand; Princeton University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology & Paleoanthropology, CAS
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作者：Tang, Guirong; Song, Shuangxiu; Shang, Junmei; Luo, Yujuan; Li, Shiqin; Wei, Dongxiang; Wang, Chengshu
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, CAS; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; ShanghaiTech University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
摘要：Entomopathogenic fungi play a critical role in regulating insect populations, and representative species from the Metarhizium and Beauveria genera have been developed as eco- friendly biocontrol agents for managing agricultural insect pests. Relative to the advances in understanding antifungal immune responses in Drosophila, knowledge of how fungi evade insect immune defenses remains limited. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a virulence- required effector Fkp...
