Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Increased frequency of planetary wave resonance events over the past half- century AI翻译
  作者：Li, Xueke; Mann, Michael E.; Wehner, Michael F.; Christiansen, Shannon
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  摘要：We demonstrate a tripling in the frequency of planetary wave resonance events over the past halfcentury, coinciding with the rise in persistent boreal summer weather extremes. This increase aligns with changes in the underlying climate conditions favoring these events, including amplified Arctic warming and land-sea thermal contrast. We also observe increased prevalence of resonant amplification events following the mature phase of strong El Ni & ntilde;o events, suggesting that such events ma...
• Deep mechanism design: Learning social and economic policies for human benefit AI翻译
  作者：Tacchetti, Andrea; Koster, Raphael; Balaguer, Jan; Leqi, Liu; Pislar, Miruna; Botvinick, Matthew M.; Tuyls, Karl; Parkes, David C.; Summerfield, Christopher
  作者单位：Alphabet Inc.; DeepMind; Google Incorporated; Princeton University; University of London; University College London; Yale University; Harvard University; University of Oxford
  摘要：Human society is coordinated by mechanisms that control how prices are agreed, taxes are set, and electoral votes are tallied. The design of robust and effective mechanisms for human benefit is a core problem in the social, economic, and political sciences. Here, we discuss the recent application of modern tools from AI research, including deep neural networks trained with reinforcement learning (RL), to create more desirable mechanisms for people. We review the application of machine learning...
• Humans program artificial delegates to accurately solve collective-risk dilemmas but lack precision AI翻译
  作者：Terrucha, Ines; Domingos, Elias Fernandez; Suchon, Remi; Santos, Francisco C.; Simoens, Pieter; Lenaerts, Tom
  作者单位：Ghent University; Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Universite Catholique de Lille; Universidade de Lisboa; Universidade de Lisboa; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：In an era increasingly influenced by autonomous machines, it is only a matter of time before strategic individual decisions that impact collective goods will also be made virtually through the use of artificial delegates. Through a series of behavioral experiments that combine delegation to autonomous agents and different choice architectures, we pinpoint what may get lost in translation when humans delegate to algorithms. We focus on the collective-risk dilemma, a game where participants must...
• SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 enhances viral virulence by subverting host antiviral defenses AI翻译
  作者：Caobi, Allen; Su, Chia - Ming; Beusch, Christian M.; Kenney, Devin; Darling, Tamarand L.; Feng, Shuchen; Semaan, Marc; Wacquiez, Alan; Sanders, Nathan L.; Tully, Ena S.; Chen, Da - Yuan; Evdokimova, Monika; Ding, Zhen; Jones, Dakota; Alysandratos, Konstantinos - Dionysios; Mizgerd, Joseph P.; Kirchdoerfer, Robert N.; Kotton, Darrell N.; Douam, Florian; Crossland, Nicholas A.; Boon, Adrianus C. M.; Gordon, David E.; Baker, Susan C.; Saeed, Mohsan
  作者单位：Boston University; Boston University; Emory University; Uppsala University; Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Loyola University Chicago; Boston University; Boston University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Boston University; Boston Medical Center; Boston University; Boston University
  摘要：SARS-CoV-2 encodes numerous virulence factors, yet their precise mechanisms of action remain unknown. We provide evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15) enhances viral virulence by suppressing the production of viral double-stranded (dsRNA), a potent inducer of antiviral signaling. The viral variants lacking nsp15 endoribonuclease activity elicited higher innate immune responses and exhibited reduced replication in human stem cell-derived lung alveolar type II epithelial ...
• The bunkbed conjecture is false AI翻译
  作者：Gladkov, Nikita; Pak, Igor; Zimin, Aleksandr
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：We give an explicit counterexample to the bunkbed conjecture introduced by Kasteleyn in 1985. The counterexample is given by a planar graph on 7,222 vertices and is built on the recent work of Hollom (2024).
• Sleep deficiency exacerbates periodontal inflammation via trigeminal TRPV1 neurons AI翻译
  作者：Li, Junhui; Cui, Zhicheng; Gong, Hongyu; Zhang, Yan; Yuan, Zhenlin; Zhang, Zihao; Ma, Zengyi; Zhou, Nan; Huang, Chuanxin; Zhao, Yao; Li, Xia; Zhang, Zhi; Sun, Yao
  作者单位：Tongji University; Tongji University; Tongji University; Tongji University; Fudan University; Inner Mongolia University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Fudan University; Fudan University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Fudan University; Fudan University; Fudan University; Fudan University; Fudan University; Henan University
  摘要：Periodontitis, a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease, profoundly impacts both quality of life and overall health. Clinical studies have suggested a correlation between periodontitis and sleep deficiency, but the underlying mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, we observed an elevated risk of periodontitis in individuals with sleep deficiency, as demonstrated in both clinical subjects and mouse models. Retrograde tracing from the periodontium revealed a neural connection from trigeminal ...
• Structural basis of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor type 2 activation by LTD4 (vol 122, e2417148122, 2025) AI翻译
  作者：Jiang, Mengting; Xu, Youwei; Luan, Xiaodong; Wu, Kai; Li, Zhen; Xu, H. Eric; Zhang, Shuyang; Jiang, Yi; Yin, Wanchao
• Reciprocal projections between the globus pallidus externa and cortex span motor and nonmotor regions AI翻译
  作者：Ferenczi, Emily A.; Wang, Wengang; Biswas, Anushka; Pottala, Trent; Dong, Yihuan; Chan, Alison K.; Albanese, Madeline A.; Sohur, Raina S.; Jia, Tingying; Mastro, Kevin J.; Sabatini, Bernardo L.
  作者单位：Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Princeton University
  摘要：The globus pallidus externa (GPe) is a heterogeneous nucleus of the basal ganglia, with intricate connections to other basal ganglia nuclei, as well as direct connections to the cortex. The anatomic, molecular, and electrophysiologic properties of cortex-projecting pallidocortical neurons are not well characterized. Here, we show that pallidocortical neurons project to diverse motor and nonmotor cortical regions, are organized topographically in the GPe, and segregate into at least two distinc...
• Material properties of biomolecular condensates emerge from nanoscale dynamics AI翻译
  作者：Galvanetto, Nicola; Ivanovic, Milos T.; Grosso, Simone A. Del; Chowdhury, Aritra; Sottini, Andrea; Nettels, Daniel; Best, Robert B.; Schuler, Benjamin
  作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Zurich; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
  摘要：Biomolecular condensates form by phase separation of biological polymers and have important functions in the cell-functions that are inherently linked to their physical properties at different scales. A notable aspect of such membraneless organelles is that their viscoelastic properties can vary by orders of magnitude, but it has remained unclear how these pronounced differences are rooted in the nanoscale dynamics at the molecular level. Here, we investigate a series of condensates formed by ...
• Proofreading and single- molecule sensitivity in T cell receptor signaling by condensate nucleation AI翻译
  作者：White, William L.; Yirdaw, Hailemikael K.; Ben-Sasson, Ariel J.; Groves, Jay T.; Baker, David; Kueh, Hao Yuan
  作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Nanyang Technological University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
  摘要：T cells display the remarkable ability to detect single foreign peptides displayed on target cells, while ignoring highly abundant self-peptides. This selectivity has been explained by kinetic proofreading in the T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway, which prevents responses to short-lived binding events regardless of their abundance. However, the biochemical mechanisms that drive kinetic proofreading have remained unclear. Here, using computational modeling, we show that these key signalin...