Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• A genetically defined pontine nucleus essential for ingestion in mice AI翻译
  作者：Sungeelee, Selvee; Mailhes, Caroline; Chettouh, Zoubida; Bokiniec, Phillip; Eymael, Annaliese; McMullan, Simon; Lena, Clement; Dempsey, Bowen; Brunet, Jean-Francois
  作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); University of Queensland; Macquarie University
  摘要：The first phase of feeding consists in the procurement of solid foods from the environment by biting, and their preparation for swallowing by chewing. These actions require the precise coordination of tens of orofacial muscles for the jaw and tongue. The seat for this motor patterning is known to reside in the reticular formation, a complex and poorly mapped region of the hindbrain, but the neuron groups involved are still elusive. Here, we characterize a group of excitatory reticular interneu...
• The WWP1-JARID1B axis sustains acute myeloid leukemia chemoresistance AI翻译
  作者：Fierro, Claudia; Giovannini, Sara; Moriconi, Valeria; Fiorilli, Claudia; Panatta, Emanuele; Frezza, Valentina; Corigliano, Federica; Pecorari, Rosalba; Li, Yanan; Zhou, Ji; Delvecchio, Vincenza Simona; Smirnov, Artem; Manteiga, Jose Manuel Garcia; Brendolan, Andrea; Zhang, Jinping; Shi, Yufang; Amelio, Ivano; Candi, Eleonora; Melino, Gerry; Bernassola, Francesca
  作者单位：University of Rome Tor Vergata; IRCCS Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI); Soochow University - China; Soochow University - China; IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele; IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Konstanz
  摘要：To uncover substrates mediating the oncogenic activity of WWP1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we performed a proteomic analysis that identified the histone demethylase KDM5B/JARID1B as a candidate target. Of note, JARID1B is indispensable for efficient recruitment of several DNA damage repair factors and for damage resolution, thus negatively influencing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemo-and radiation therapies. Validation of JARID1B as a substrate of WWP1 revealed a positive regulati...
• A chemoreceptor conformational equilibrium controlled by signaling inputs AI翻译
  作者：Hoffman, Mikaila C.; Li, Mingshan; Hazelbauer, Gerald L.; Schlau-Cohen, Gabriela S.
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia
  摘要：In chemotaxis, motile bacteria recognize external molecules and move toward favorable ling, control a histidine kinase, and undergo posttranslational adaptational modifications. Chemoreceptors are thought to function by switching between two signaling states: kinase- off, favored by ligand occupancy, and kinase- on, favored by adaptational modification. Many structural and biochemical features of the two states have been identified, but little is known about the equilibrium between them and th...
• AI-driven design of multiprincipal element alloys for optimal water splitting AI翻译
  作者：Kim, Jihoon; Kim, Dong Won; Choi, Jong Hui; Goddard III, William A.; Kang, Jeung Ku
  作者单位：Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); California Institute of Technology
  摘要：Water splitting for hydrogen production is essential in advancing the hydrogen economy. Multiprincipal element alloys offer promising opportunities for optimizing this process, yet their vast compositional space and the presence of local minima pose significant challenges for experimental and AI-driven exploration. To overcome these challenges, an AI framework is developed by integrating Gaussian Process Regression with a configuration entropy-based acquisition function for screening and a des...
• Inferring coexistence likelihood in changing environments from ecological time series AI翻译
  作者：Nguyen, Phuong L.; Pomati, Francesco; Rohr, Rudolf P.
  作者单位：University of Fribourg; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWAG)
  摘要：Inferring coexistence metrics, such as niche and fitness differences, in changing environments is key for understanding the mechanism behind species coexistence and predicting its likelihood. However, it first requires estimating the per capita interactions between organisms and their intrinsic growth rates-parameters that are typically measured by isolating organisms from their natural context. Here, we first use weighted multivariate regression on the per capita growth rates of populations t...
• The importance of small-island populations for the long-term survival of endangered large-bodied insular mammals AI翻译
  作者：Aninta, Sabhrina Gita; Drinkwater, Rosie; Carmagnini, Alberto; Deere, Nicolas J.; Priyono, Dwi Sendi; Andayani, Noviar; Winarni, Nurul L.; Supriatna, Jatna; Fumagalli, Matteo; Larson, Greger; Galbusera, Peter H. A.; Macdonald, Alastair; Greer, Deborah; Mohamad, Kusdiantoro; Prasetyaningtyas, Wahono Esthi; Mustari, Abdul Haris; Williams, John Lewis; Barnett, Ross; Shaw, Darren; Semiadi, Gono; Burton, James; Seaman, David J. I.; Voigt, Maria; Struebig, Matthew J.; Brace, Selina; Rossiter, Stephen J.; Frantz, Laurent
  作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of Munich; University of Kent; Gadjah Mada University; University of Indonesia; University of Indonesia; University of Oxford; University of Edinburgh; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Durham University; Natural History Museum London
  摘要：Island populations of large vertebrates have experienced higher extinction rates than mainland populations over long timescales due to demographic stochasticity, genetic drift, and inbreeding. While being more susceptible to extinction and as such potentially targeted for conservation interventions such as genetic rescue, small-island populations can experience relatively less anthropogenic habitat degradation than those on larger islands. Here, we determine the consequences and conservation i...
• The highly conserved C-terminal end segment of troponin T binds tropomyosin and actin to function in modulating contractile kinetics AI翻译
  作者：Cao, Tianxin; Feng, Han-Zhong; Jayasundar, Jayant James; Jin, J. -P.
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
  摘要：The troponin (Tn) complex plays a central role in regulating striated muscle contraction and relaxation. Troponin T (TnT) and troponin I (TnI) are two of the three subunits of Tn, which have evolved from a TnI-like ancestor gene. Proteolytic removal of the evolutionarily added N-terminal variable region of cardiac TnT, as occurs in acute ventricular contractility-afterload mismatch, brings back a TnI-like molecular conformation and function to reduce ventricular systolic velocity, elongates ej...
• The importance of scientists' intellectual humility for communicating effectively across ideological and identity- based divides AI翻译
  作者：Rios, Kimberly; Roth, Zachary C.; Coleman III, Thomas J.
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Maine System; University of Maine Augusta; Coventry University
  摘要：Growing identity-based and partisan gaps in confidence in scientists and scientific institutions call for novel approaches to science communication. In this perspectives piece, we focus on the need for greater intellectual humility (i.e., willingness to revise one's views and admit that one might be wrong) among social scientists, who are met with particularly high levels of skepticism from the public. We begin with an overview of research demonstrating that when scientists' identities or ideo...
• Gut microbiome and host TOR pathway interact to regulate predator-induced aversive memory in Drosophila melanogaster AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Hao- Yu; Wu, Po- Sheng; Li, Zong- You; Liu, You- Cheng; Yeh, Sheng- Rong; Duan, Bi Chun; Chen, Kai Wen; Hsu, Chen Chih; Chiu, Yen- Ling; Lee, Wang- Tso; Fan, Shou- Zen; Wang, Pei - Yu
  作者单位：National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University Hospital; National Taiwan University; Far Eastern Memorial Hospital; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; National Taiwan University; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; Taipei Medical University
  摘要：The gut microbiome has emerged as a key factor influencing a wide range of host physiological processes and behaviors, though the mechanisms behind these effects remain only partially understood. In this study, we explored the role of the gut microbiome in memory regulation using a parasitoid wasp-induced oviposition depression paradigm in Drosophila melanogaster. Our findings show that flies with depleted gut microbiota, either through axenic culture or antibiotic treatment, exhibited signifi...
• Perceptual interventions ameliorate statistical discrimination in learning agents AI翻译
  作者：Duenez-Guzman, Edgar A.; Comanescu, Ramona; Mao, Yiran; Mckee, Kevin R.; Coppin, Ben; Sadedin, Suzanne; Chiappa, Silvia; Vezhnevets, Alexander S.; Bakker, MichielA.; Bachrach, Yoram; Isaac, William; Tuyls, Karl; Leibo, Joel Z.
  作者单位：Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; DeepMind
  摘要：Choosing social partners is a potentially demanding task which involves paying attention to the right information while disregarding salient but possibly irrelevant features. The resultant trade-off between cost of evaluation and quality of decisions can lead to undesired bias. Information-processing abilities mediate this trade-off, where individuals with higher ability choose better partners leading to higher performance. By altering the salience of features, technology can modulate the effe...