Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Decreased mitochondrial activity in the demyelinating cerebellum of progressive multiple sclerosis and chronic EAE contributes to Purkinje cell loss AI翻译
  作者：Atkinson, Kelley C.; Desfor, Shane; Feri, Micah; Sekyi, Maria T.; Osunde, Marvellous; Sriram, Sandhya; Noori, Saima; Rincon, Wendy; Bello, Britany; Tiwari-Woodruff, Seema K.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside
  摘要：In multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebellar gray matter atrophy, white matter demyelination, and Purkinje cell (PC) loss have been linked to tremors, impaired motor control, and loss of coordination. Similar pathologies have been observed in the mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This study hypothesized that inflammatory demyelination of the cerebellum alters overall mitochondrial function and is a contributor to axon degeneration and PC loss. Postmortem cerebellar ...
• Social influence during public crises: Weekly dynamics and adaptive patterns of conformity to the collective following the COVID-19 outbreak AI翻译
  作者：Ge, Xiaoyu; Hou, Yubo
  作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Alibaba Group
  摘要：Regional collectivism has been observed to contribute to better coping with public crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study poses a reverse question: Does the eruption of public crises increase people's conformity to the collective? To answer this question, we analyzed real-world transactions on Taobao (the largest e-commerce platform in China), each with a purchase decision and a list of candidates considered before purchasing. Conformity to the collective was measured using two indic...
• Fossil fuel methane emissions likely underestimated in a model based on atmospheric δ13C trends AI翻译
  作者：Uveges, Benjamin T.; Howarth, Robert W.; Sparks, Jed P.
  作者单位：Cornell University
• Unraveling the role of rat and flea population dynamics on the seasonality of plague epidemics in Madagascar AI翻译
  作者：Rasoamalala, Fanohinjanaharinirina; Ramasindrazana, Beza; Parany, Mamionah J.; Rahajandraibe, Soloandry; Randriantseheno, Lovasoa; Rahelinirina, Soanandrasana; Gorge, Olivier; Valade, Eric; Harimalala, Mireille; Rajerison, Minoarisoa; Cauchemez, Simon; Brault, Antoine
  作者单位：Pasteur Network; Institut Pasteur Madagascar; University Antananarivo; Pasteur Network; Institut Pasteur Madagascar; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Pasteur Network; Universite Paris Cite; Institut Pasteur Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
  摘要：Plague continues to pose a public health problem in multiple regions of the world, including Madagascar, where it is characterized by a pronounced seasonal pattern. The drivers of plague seasonality remain poorly understood. Using a deterministic compartmental model, calibrated to rat and flea capture data, serological data collected in active rural foci, and human plague surveillance data, we analyzed the effects of seasonal rat and flea population dynamics on plague transmission. The models ...
• A physical model links structure and function in the plant immune system AI翻译
  作者：Weiner, Benjamin G.; Markle, Hanna; Laderman, Eric; Demirjian, Choghag; Bergelson, Joy
  作者单位：United States Department of Energy (DOE); New York University
  摘要：Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI) is an important part of the plant immune system, allowing plants to sense and respond to harmful pathogen proteins known as effectors. Effectors can be sensed directly or indirectly by NLR (Nucleotide-binding Leucine-rich Repeat) proteins, many of which guard the plant proteins targeted by effectors. Although a few effector-target-NLR interactions have been characterized, a general understanding of how these molecular interactions give rise to a functioning im...
• Route of fire: Pregame rituals and emotional synchrony among Brazilian football fans AI翻译
  作者：Xygalatas, Dimitris; Profeta, Vitor Leandro da Silva; Saraei, Mohammadamin; Baranowski-Pinto, Gabriela
  作者单位：University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais
  摘要：Sporting events are powerful social phenomena that extend beyond the game itself, offering a unique lens to study collective emotional dynamics. We examine emotional alignment among football fans during a high-stakes match in Brazil, focusing on both the game and the preceding Rua de Fogo, a pregame ritual marked by chants, flares, and collective anticipation. Using wearable electrocardiographic (ECG) sensors to monitor heart rate patterns, we apply multidimensional recurrence quantification a...
• Improving polygenic prediction from whole- genome sequencing data by leveraging predicted epigenomic features AI翻译
  作者：Zeng, Wanwen; Guo, Hanmin; Liu, Qiao; Wong, Wing Hung
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University
  摘要：Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are essential tools for estimating individual susceptibility to complex diseases by aggregating the effects of many genetic variants. With the advent of whole-genome sequencing (WGS), rare and de novo variants can now be detected at scale, presenting new opportunities to enhance PRS performance. Additionally, regulatory mechanisms that govern gene expression play a critical role in disease manifestation, suggesting further potential for improvement. However, most ex...
• Repurposing a drug to punish carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii AI翻译
  作者：Colquhoun, Jennifer M.; Brzezinski, Carter U.; Ji, Andrew; Marotta, Julianna; Elsen, Franziska A. V.; Bonomo, Robert A.; May, Kerrie L.; Sieber, Stephan A.; Grabowicz, Marcin; Wuest, William M.; Rather, Philip N.
  作者单位：US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); Atlanta VA Medical Center; Atlanta VA Health Care System; Emory University; Emory University; Emory University; Emory University; Technical University of Munich; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
  摘要：The OXA (3-lactamases in Acinetobacter baumannii represent a primary mechanism for resistance to the carbapenems, a class of antibiotics that represent a last line for treatment. In a screen of an U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library, we identified fendiline, a calcium channel blocker, had significantly more antimicrobial activity against OXA-23 expressing cells. Genetic and proteomic studies revealed that fendiline inhibited the essential lipoprotein trafficking pathw...
• Assembly and activation of the death-inducing signaling complex AI翻译
  作者：Fosuah, Elizabeth; Shen, Zhangfei; Xie, Jiale; Wang, Chen; Lin, Qingpeng; Fu, Tian-Min
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of Massachusetts System; UMass Chan Medical School; University of Massachusetts Worcester
  摘要：The death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), comprising Fas, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), and caspase-8, initiates extrinsic apoptosis. Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we show that Fas and FADD death domains (DDs) form an asymmetric 7:5 oligomer, which promotes FADD death effector domain (DED) filament formation. Structural analysis reveals that FADD DED filaments closely resemble caspase-8 tandem DED filaments, suggesting that FADD DED serves as a nucleation scaffold for...
• Light at night negatively affects mood in diurnal primate- like tree shrews via a visual pathway related to the perihabenular nucleus AI翻译
  作者：Miao, Ying; Zhao, Huan; Li, Yu-Fei; Sun, Yan-Ping; Bi, Rui; Li, Hongli; Fang, Xin; Li, Zi-Shuo; Ma, Yu-Hua; Lv, Long-Bao; An, Kai; Meng, Jian-Jun; Yao, Yong-Gang; Xue, Tian
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Hefei University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
  摘要：To better understand the potential health threats and underlying visual pathways of long-term light at night (LAN) exposure, we adopted a widely accepted diurnal animal model tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis), which is a close relative to primates, and evaluated the deleterious effects of long-term LAN exposure. We used an early-night LAN paradigm that was established in mice to examine behavioral and physiological consequences in adult male tree shrews. We found that 3-wk LAN exposure s...