Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Day-to-day fluctuations in motivation drive effort-based decision-making AI翻译
  作者：Hewitt, Samuel R. C.; Norbury, Agnes; Huys, Quentin J. M.; Hauser, Tobias U.
  作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Eberhard Karls University Hospital
  摘要：Internal states like motivation fluctuate substantially over time. However, studies of the neurocomputational mechanims of motivated behavior have failed to capture this. Here, we examined how naturalistic ups and downs in state motivation influence the subjective value of reward and effort. In a microlongitudinal design (N = 155, state timepoints = 3,344, decision-making tasks = 845), we captured fluctuations in state and effort-based decision-making using smartphone-based momentary assessmen...
• Uncovering bighorn sheep life- history trajectories in multidimensional trait space AI翻译
  作者：Larue, Benjamin; Pelletier, Fanie; Festa-Bianchet, Marco; Hamel, Sandra
  作者单位：University of Sherbrooke; Laval University
  摘要：Individual heterogeneity shapes ecoevolutionary processes at multiple scales. Yet, the scarcity of long-term life-history data and limitations in classic statistical tools hinder our capacity to uncover and understand individual heterogeneity in wildlife populations. Here, we apply an underused multivariate statistical method to uncover four heterogenous life-history trajectories in wild female bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). Remarkably, these trajectories had remained unobserved in the popul...
• Comprehensive mutant chemotyping reveals embedding of a lineage- specific biosynthetic gene cluster in wider plant metabolism AI翻译
  作者：Qiao, Xue; Houghton, Alan; Reed, James; Steuernagel, Burkhard; Zhang, Jiahe; Owen, Charlotte; Leveau, Aymeric; Orme, Anastasia; Louveau, Thomas; Melton, Rachel; Wulff, Brande B. H.; Osbourn, Anne
  作者单位：UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); John Innes Center; Peking University; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); John Innes Center; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); John Innes Center; King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
  摘要：Plants produce diverse specialized metabolites with important ecological functions. It has recently become apparent that the genes for many of these pathways are not dispersed in plant genomes, but rather are arranged like beads on a string in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Pathways encoded by BGCs are as a rule dedicated linear pathways that do not form parts of wider metabolic networks. In contrast, the genes for the biosynthesis of widely distributed more ancestral metabolites such as c...
• Building better biochronology: New fossils and 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic dates from Central Anatolia AI翻译
  作者：Tholt, Andrew; Basoglu, Oksan; Bektas, Yener; Bernor, Raymond; Carlson, Joshua P.; Dag, Oemer; Dogan, Ugur; Erkman, Ahmet Cem; Kaya, Ferhat; Kaymakci, Nuretdin; Kirmizioglu, Pinar Goezluek; Meijers, Maud J. M.; Parildar, oezge Kahya; Pehlevan, Cesur; Simsek, Emrah; White, Tim; Renne, Paul
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Berkeley Geochronolgy Center; Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University; Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Ankara University; Kirsehir Ahi Evran University; University of Oulu; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; Middle East Technical University; University of Graz; Leibniz Association; Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung (SGN); Senckenberg Biodiversitat & Klima- Forschungszentrum (BiK-F); Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; Maden Tetkik ve Arama (MTA) - Turkey; Centro Nacional de Investigacion de La Evolucion Humana (CENIEH)
  摘要：T & uuml;rkiye's geographic position between Europe, Asia, and Africa gives it pivotal importance for understanding the local, interregional, and intercontinental dynamics of Neogene vertebrate evolution. Although rich in vertebrate fossil deposits spanning the Middle and Late Miocene, associated geochronology has been limited by the lack of available volcanic materials that allow radioisotopic dating and geochemical correlation. As a result, calibrating mammalian evolution has been largely re...
• Social control drove ant evolution AI翻译
  作者：Linksvayer, Timothy A.
  作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe
• Earth greening and climate change reshaping the patterns of terrestrial water sinks and sources AI翻译
  作者：Yan, Yu; Liu, Zhiyong; Chen, Lei; Chen, Xiaohong; Lin, Kairong; Zeng, Zhenzhong; Lan, Xin; Huang, Liyan; Wang, Yajun; Yao, Lili; Cheng, Linyin; Ma, Zhimin
  作者单位：Sun Yat Sen University; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai); Sichuan University; Southern University of Science & Technology; Sun Yat Sen University; State University System of Florida; University of Central Florida; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; University of Helsinki
  摘要：While vegetation brings positive benefits for climate mitigation and adaptation, the impact of ongoing global greening remains controversial due to its uncertain effects on hydrological cycle. Here, we quantitatively assess the impact of vegetation dynamics on global water availability by proposing a comprehensive framework to quantify the terrestrial water sink and source scores associated with vegetation dynamics. These scores serve as indicators of whether large alterations in water resourc...
• MUC5AC filaments illuminate the structural diversification of respiratory and intestinal mucins AI翻译
  作者：Haberman, Meital; Kamyshinsky, Roman; Reznik, Nava; Yeshaya, Noa; Khmelnitsky, Lev; Plender, Elizabeth G.; Eichler, Evan E.; Fass, Deborah
  作者单位：Weizmann Institute of Science; Weizmann Institute of Science; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
  摘要：Secreted mucins are multimegadalton glycoprotein polymers that share the function of protecting mucosal tissues but diversified for activities in different organs of the body. Structural studies of secreted mucins are complicated by the enormous sizes, flexibility, and complex supramolecular assembly modes of these glycoproteins. The two major respiratory mucins are MUC5AC and MUC5B. Here, we present structures of a large amino-terminal segment of MUC5AC in the form of helical filaments. These...
• Allosteric inhibition of the IZUMO1-JUNO fertilization complex by the naturally occurring antisperm antibody OBF13 AI翻译
  作者：Lu, Yonggang; Ikawa, Masahito; Tang, Shaogeng
  作者单位：University of Osaka; University of Osaka; University of Tokyo; University of Osaka; University of Osaka; Yale University
  摘要：Sperm IZUMO1 binds to egg JUNO, and this interaction is essential for mammalian fertilization. Isolated from a female mouse immunized with syngeneic sperm, the antisperm antibody OBF13 recognizes IZUMO1 and inhibits murine fertilization. How OBF13 interferes with sperm-egg interactions was unknown. Here, we present the X-ray crystal structure of IZUMO1 in complex with OBF13. OBF13 binds to the apex of the four-helix domain of IZUMO1, distant from the JUNO-binding site. Our crystal structure of...
• Bioinspired ion- shuttling memristor with both neuromorphic functions and ion selectivity AI翻译
  作者：Xie, Boyang; Xiong, Tianyi; Guo, Guangguo; Pan, Cong; Ma, Wenjie; Yu, Ping
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Chemistry, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
  摘要：The fluidic memristor has attracted growing attention as a promising candidate for neuromorphic computing and brain-computer interfaces. However, a fluidic memristor with ion selectivity as that of natural ion channels remains a key challenge. Herein, inspired by the structure of natural biomembranes, we developed an ion-shuttling memristor (ISM) by utilizing organic solvents and artificial carriers to emulate ion channels embedded in biomembranes, which exhibited both neuromorphic functions a...
• Genetic ablation of the TET family in retinal progenitor cells impairs photoreceptor development and leads to blindness AI翻译
  作者：Dvoriantchikova, Galina; Moulin, Chloe; Fleishaker, Michelle; Almeida, Vania; Pelaez, Daniel; Lam, Byron L.; Ivanov, Dmitry
  作者单位：Bascom Palmer Eye Institute; University of Miami; University of Miami; University of Miami
  摘要：The retina is responsible for converting light into electrical signals that, when transmitted to the brain, create the sensation of vision. The mammalian retina is epigenetically unique since the differentiation of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) into retinal cells is accompanied by a decrease in DNA methylation in the promoters of many genes important for retinal development and function. However, the pathway responsible for DNA demethylation and its role in retinal development and function w...