Nature

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• Dirac mass induced by optical gain and loss AI翻译
  作者：Yu, Letian; Xue, Haoran; Guo, Ruixiang; Chan, Eng Aik; Terh, Yun Yong; Soci, Cesare; Zhang, Baile; Chong, Y. D.
  作者单位：Nanyang Technological University; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Nanyang Technological University
  摘要：Mass is commonly considered an intrinsic property of matter, but modern physics reveals particle masses to have complex origins1, such as the Higgs mechanism in high-energy physics2,3. In crystal lattices such as graphene, relativistic Dirac particles can exist as low-energy quasiparticles4 with masses imparted by lattice symmetry-breaking perturbations5-8. These mass-generating mechanisms all assume Hermiticity, or the conservation of energy in detail. Using a photonic synthetic lattice, we s...
• Groundwater-dependent ecosystem map exposes global dryland protection needs AI翻译
  作者：Rohde, Melissa M.; Albano, Christine M.; Huggins, Xander; Klausmeyer, Kirk R.; Morton, Charles; Sharman, Ali; Zaveri, Esha; Saito, Laurel; Freed, Zach; Howard, Jeanette K.; Job, Nancy; Richter, Holly; Toderich, Kristina; Rodella, Aude-Sophie; Gleeson, Tom; Huntington, Justin; Chandanpurkar, Hrishikesh A.; Purdy, Adam J.; Famiglietti, James S.; Singer, Michael Bliss; Roberts, Dar A.; Caylor, Kelly; Stella, John C.
  作者单位：Nature Conservancy; State University of New York (SUNY) System; State University of New York (SUNY) College of Environmental Science & Forestry; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); Desert Research Institute NSHE; University of Victoria; University of Saskatchewan; Global Institute for Water Security; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); The World Bank; Nature Conservancy; Nature Conservancy; South African National Biodiversity Institute; Tottori University; Mie University; University of Victoria; California State University System; California State University Monterey Bay; University of Saskatchewan; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Cardiff University; Cardiff University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
  摘要：Groundwater is the most ubiquitous source of liquid freshwater globally, yet its role in supporting diverse ecosystems is rarely acknowledged1,2. However, the location and extent of groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are unknown in many geographies, and protection measures are lacking1,3. Here, we map GDEs at high-resolution (roughly 30 m) and find them present on more than one-third of global drylands analysed, including important global biodiversity hotspots4. GDEs are more extensive an...
• Repeated plague infections across six generations of Neolithic Farmers AI翻译
  作者：Seersholm, Frederik Valeur; Sjogren, Karl-Goran; Koelman, Julia; Blank, Malou; Svensson, Emma M.; Staring, Jacqueline; Fraser, Magdalena; Pinotti, Thomaz; McColl, Hugh; Gaunitz, Charleen; Ruiz-Bedoya, Tatiana; Granehall, Lena; Villegas-Ramirez, Berenice; Fischer, Anders; Price, T. Douglas; Allentoft, Morten E.; Iversen, Astrid K. N.; Axelsson, Tony; Ahlstrom, Torbjorn; Gotherstrom, Anders; Stora, Jan; Kristiansen, Kristian; Willerslev, Eske; Jakobsson, Mattias; Malmstrom, Helena; Sikora, Martin
  作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Gothenburg; Uppsala University; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; University of Toronto; Curtin University; University of Oxford; Lund University; Stockholm University; Swedish Museum of Natural History; Swedish Museum of Natural History; Stockholm University; University of Cambridge
  摘要：In the period between 5,300 and 4,900 calibrated years before present (cal. BP), populations across large parts of Europe underwent a period of demographic decline(1,2). However, the cause of this so-called Neolithic decline is still debated. Some argue for an agricultural crisis resulting in the decline(3), others for the spread of an early form of plague(4). Here we use population-scale ancient genomics to infer ancestry, social structure and pathogen infection in 108 Scandinavian Neolithic ...
• Adenosine signalling to astrocytes coordinates brain metabolism and function AI翻译
  作者：Theparambil, Shefeeq M.; Kopach, Olga; Braga, Alice; Nizari, Shereen; Hosford, Patrick S.; Sagi-Kiss, Virag; Hadjihambi, Anna; Konstantinou, Christos; Esteras, Noemi; Del Arroyo, Ana Gutierrez; Ackland, Gareth L.; Teschemacher, Anja G.; Dale, Nicholas; Eckle, Tobias; Andrikopoulos, Petros; Rusakov, Dmitri A.; Kasparov, Sergey; Gourine, Alexander V.
  作者单位：University of London; University College London; Lancaster University; University of London; University College London; Imperial College London; University of London; University College London; King's College London; University of London; King's College London; University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of Bristol; University of Warwick; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Imperial College London
  摘要：Brain computation performed by billions of nerve cells relies on a sufficient and uninterrupted nutrient and oxygen supply1,2. Astrocytes, the ubiquitous glial neighbours of neurons, govern brain glucose uptake and metabolism3,4, but the exact mechanisms of metabolic coupling between neurons and astrocytes that ensure on-demand support of neuronal energy needs are not fully understood5,6. Here we show, using experimental in vitro and in vivo animal models, that neuronal activity-dependent meta...
• Don't fade away: memory for music persists with age AI翻译
  作者：Nogrady, Bianca
  摘要：Eighty-year-olds are able to identify familiar tunes just as well as teenagers can.
• Sophisticated natural products as antibiotics AI翻译
  作者：Lewis, Kim; Lee, Richard E.; Broetz-Oesterhelt, Heike; Hiller, Sebastian; Rodnina, Marina V.; Schneider, Tanja; Weingarth, Markus; Wohlgemuth, Ingo
  作者单位：Northeastern University; St Jude Children's Research Hospital; University of Basel; University of Bonn; German Center for Infection Research; Utrecht University
  摘要：In this Review, we explore natural product antibiotics that do more than simply inhibit an active site of an essential enzyme. We review these compounds to provide inspiration for the design of much-needed new antibacterial agents, and examine the complex mechanisms that have evolved to effectively target bacteria, including covalent binders, inhibitors of resistance, compounds that utilize self-promoted entry, those that evade resistance, prodrugs, target corrupters, inhibitors of 'undruggabl...
• Adaptation to photoperiod via dynamic neurotransmitter segregation AI翻译
  作者：Maddaloni, G.; Chang, Y. J.; Senft, R. A.; Dymecki, S. M.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
  摘要：Changes in the amount of daylight (photoperiod) alter physiology and behaviour(1,2). Adaptive responses to seasonal photoperiods are vital to all organisms-dysregulation associates with disease, including affective disorders(3) and metabolic syndromes(4). The circadian rhythm circuitry is implicated in such responses(5,6), yet little is known about the precise cellular substrates that underlie phase synchronization to photoperiod change. Here we identify a brain circuit and system of axon bran...
• Elusive high-energy neutrinos spotted at LHC AI翻译
  作者：[Anonymous]
  摘要：Observations of electron neutrinos could allow physicists to test theories about the particles' behaviour.
• Heaviest element yet within reach after major breakthrough AI翻译
  作者：Bourzac, Katherine
  摘要：Success with a new route to producing superheavy elements paves the way to making the elusive element 120.
• How pregnancy transforms the brain to prepare it for parenthood AI翻译
  作者：Drew, Liam
  摘要：It's a transformational time long neglected by neuroscience. That is starting to change.