Sophisticated natural products as antibiotics

• 成果类型: Review
• 署名作者: Lewis, Kim; Lee, Richard E.; Broetz-Oesterhelt, Heike; Hiller, Sebastian; Rodnina, Marina V.; Schneider, Tanja; Weingarth, Markus; Wohlgemuth, Ingo
• 署名单位: Northeastern University; St Jude Children's Research Hospital; University of Basel; University of Bonn; German Center for Infection Research; Utrecht University
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-5674
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07530-w
• 发表日期: 2024-08-01
• 页码: 39-49
• 关键词: cell-wall; protein-degradation; resistance; therapy; biogenesis; vancomycin; activation; organisms; bacteria; efficacy

摘要

In this Review, we explore natural product antibiotics that do more than simply inhibit an active site of an essential enzyme. We review these compounds to provide inspiration for the design of much-needed new antibacterial agents, and examine the complex mechanisms that have evolved to effectively target bacteria, including covalent binders, inhibitors of resistance, compounds that utilize self-promoted entry, those that evade resistance, prodrugs, target corrupters, inhibitors of 'undruggable' targets, compounds that form supramolecular complexes, and selective membrane-acting agents. These are exemplified by beta-lactams that bind covalently to inhibit transpeptidases and beta-lactamases, siderophore chimeras that hijack import mechanisms to smuggle antibiotics into the cell, compounds that are activated by bacterial enzymes to produce reactive molecules, and antibiotics such as aminoglycosides that corrupt, rather than merely inhibit, their targets. Some of these mechanisms are highly sophisticated, such as the preformed beta-strands of darobactins that target the undruggable beta-barrel chaperone BamA, or teixobactin, which binds to a precursor of peptidoglycan and then forms a supramolecular structure that damages the membrane, impeding the emergence of resistance. Many of the compounds exhibit more than one notable feature, such as resistance evasion and target corruption. Understanding the surprising complexity of the best antimicrobial compounds provides a roadmap for developing novel compounds to address the antimicrobial resistance crisis by mining for new natural products and inspiring us to design similarly sophisticated antibiotics. This Review examines the diverse strategies utilized by naturally occurring antibiotics and suggests how they have provided, and will in future provide, inspiration for the design of novel antibiotics.