Nature

最新文章

• An engineered enzyme embedded into PLA to make self-biodegradable plastic AI翻译
  作者：Guicherd, M.; Ben Khaled, M.; Gueroult, M.; Nomme, J.; Dalibey, M.; Grimaud, F.; Alvarez, P.; Kamionka, E.; Gavalda, S.; Noel, M.; Vuillemin, M.; Amillastre, E.; Labourdette, D.; Cioci, G.; Tournier, V.; Kitpreechavanich, V.; Dubois, P.; Andre, I.; Duquesne, S.; Marty, A.
  作者单位：INRAE; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Federale Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE); Universite de Toulouse; Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Toulouse; Kasetsart University; University of Mons
  摘要：Plastic production reached 400 million tons in 2022 (ref. 1), with packaging and single-use plastics accounting for a substantial amount of this(2). The resulting waste ends up in landfills, incineration or the environment, contributing to environmental pollution(3). Shifting to biodegradable and compostable plastics is increasingly being considered as an efficient waste-management alternative(4). Although polylactide (PLA) is the most widely used biosourced polymer(5), its biodegradation rate...
• FIRST FOSSIL CHROMOSOMES FOUND IN MAMMOTH SKIN AI翻译
  作者：Guglielmi, Giorgia
• LONG COVID LUNG DAMAGE LINKED TO IMMUNE RESPONSE AI翻译
  作者：Kudiabor, Helena
• CryoET of β-amyloid and tau within postmortem Alzheimer's disease brain AI翻译
  作者：Gilbert, Madeleine A. G.; Fatima, Nayab; Jenkins, Joshua; O'Sullivan, Thomas J.; Schertel, Andreas; Halfon, Yehuda; Wilkinson, Martin; Morrema, Tjado H. J.; Geibel, Mirjam; Read, Randy J.; Ranson, Neil A.; Radford, Sheena E.; Hoozemans, Jeroen J. M.; Frank, Rene A. W.
  作者单位：University of Leeds; University of Leeds; Carl Zeiss AG; University of Leeds; University of Amsterdam; University of Cambridge
  摘要：A defining pathological feature of most neurodegenerative diseases is the assembly of proteins into amyloid that form disease-specific structures(1). In Alzheimer's disease, this is characterized by the deposition of beta-amyloid and tau with disease-specific conformations. The in situ structure of amyloid in the human brain is unknown. Here, using cryo-fluorescence microscopy-targeted cryo-sectioning, cryo-focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy lift-out and cryo-electron tomography, we...
• A eukaryotic-like ubiquitination system in bacterial antiviral defence AI翻译
  作者：Chambers, Lydia R.; Ye, Qiaozhen; Cai, Jiaxi; Gong, Minheng; Ledvina, Hannah E.; Zhou, Huilin; Whiteley, Aaron T.; Suhandynata, Raymond T.; Corbett, Kevin D.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：Ubiquitination pathways have crucial roles in protein homeostasis, signalling and innate immunity(1-3). In these pathways, an enzymatic cascade of E1, E2 and E3 proteins conjugates ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (Ubl) to target-protein lysine residues(4). Bacteria encode ancient relatives of E1 and Ubl proteins involved in sulfur metabolism(5,6), but these proteins do not mediate Ubl-target conjugation, leaving open the question of whether bacteria can perform ubiquitination-like protei...
• Tubulin code eraser CCP5 binds branch glutamates by substrate deformation AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Jiayi; Zehr, Elena A.; Gruschus, James M.; Szyk, Agnieszka; Liu, Yanjie; Tanner, Martin E.; Tjandra, Nico; Roll-Mecak, Antonina
  作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI); University of British Columbia
  摘要：Microtubule function is modulated by the tubulin code, diverse posttranslational modifications that are altered dynamically by writer and eraser enzymes(1). Glutamylation-the addition of branched (isopeptide-linked) glutamate chains-is the most evolutionarily widespread tubulin modification(2). It is introduced by tubulin tyrosine ligase-like enzymes and erased by carboxypeptidases of the cytosolic carboxypeptidase (CCP) family(1). Glutamylation homeostasis, achieved through the balance of wri...
• How Infrastructure Works AI翻译
  作者：Crawford, Kate
  作者单位：University of Southern California
• Why US-China relations are too important to be left to politicians AI翻译
  作者：Huang, Yasheng
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：In an age of geopolitical tensions, researchers need to be realistic and think beyond fundamental science to chart a safe path for collaboration.
• Interferon subverts an AHR-JUN axis to promote CXCL13+ T cells in lupus AI翻译
  作者：Law, Calvin; Wacleche, Vanessa Sue; Cao, Ye; Pillai, Arundhati; Sowerby, John; Hancock, Brandon; Horisberger, Alice; Bracero, Sabrina; Skidanova, Viktoriya; Li, Zhihan; Adejoorin, Ifeoluwakiisi; Dillon, Eilish; Benque, Isaac J.; Nunez, Diana Pena; Simmons, Daimon P.; Keegan, Joshua; Chen, Lin; Baker, Tina; Brohawn, Phillip Z.; Al-Mossawi, Hussein; Hao, Ling-Yang; Jones, Brian; Rao, Navin; Qu, Yujie; Alves, Stephen E.; Jonsson, A. Helena; Shaw, Katharina S.; Vleugels, Ruth Ann; Massarotti, Elena; Costenbader, Karen H.; Brenner, Michael B.; Lederer, James A.; Hultquist, Judd F.; Choi, Jaehyuk; Rao, Deepak A.
  作者单位：Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Northwestern University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; AstraZeneca; AstraZeneca; Johnson & Johnson; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Merck & Company; Merck & Company USA; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Northwestern University; Feinberg School of Medicine; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital
  摘要：Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is prototypical autoimmune disease driven by pathological T cell-B cell interactions(1,2). Expansion of T follicular helper (T-FH) and T peripheral helper (T-PH) cells, two T cell populations that provide help to B cells, is a prominent feature of SLE3,4. Human TFH and TPH cells characteristically produce high levels of the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13 (refs. 5,6), yet regulation of T cell CXCL13 production and the relationship between CXCL13(+) T cells and ...
• Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 Bce in Eurasia AI翻译
  作者：Librado, Pablo; Tressieres, Gaetan; Chauvey, Lorelei; Fages, Antoine; Khan, Naveed; Schiavinato, Stephanie; Calviere-Tonasso, Laure; Kusliy, Mariya A.; Gaunitz, Charleen; Liu, Xuexue; Wagner, Stefanie; Sarkissian, Clio Der; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Perdereau, Aude; Aury, Jean-Marc; Southon, John; Shapiro, Beth; Bouchez, Olivier; Donnadieu, Cecile; Collin, Yvette Running Horse; Gregersen, Kristian M.; Jessen, Mads Dengso; Christensen, Kirsten; Claudi-Hansen, Lone; Pruvost, Melanie; Pucher, Erich; Vulic, Hrvoje; Novak, Mario; Rimpf, Andrea; Turk, Peter; Reiter, Simone; Brem, Gottfried; Schwall, Christoph; Barrey, Eric; Robert, Celine; Degueurce, Christophe; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Klassen, Lutz; Rasmussen, Uffe; Kveiborg, Jacob; Johannsen, Niels Norkjaer; Makowiecki, Daniel; Makarowicz, Przemyslaw; Szeliga, Marcin; Ilchyshyn, Vasyl; Rud, Vitalii; Romaniszyn, Jan; Mullin, Victoria E.; Verdugo, Marta; Bradley, Daniel G.; Cardoso, Joao L.; Valente, Maria J.; Antunes, Miguel Telles; Ameen, Carly; Thomas, Richard; Ludwig, Arne; Marzullo, Matilde; Prato, Ornella; Gianni, Giovanna Bagnasco; Tecchiati, Umberto; Granado, Jose; Schlumbaum, Angela; Deschler-Erb, Sabine; Mraz, Monika Schernig; Boulbes, Nicolas; Gardeisen, Armelle; Mayer, Christian; Doehle, Hans-Juergen; Vicze, Magdolna; Kosintsev, Pavel A.; Kysely, Rene; Peske, Lubomir; O'Connor, Terry; Ananyevskaya, Elina; Shevnina, Irina; Logvin, Andrey; Kovalev, Alexey A.; Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir; Sablin, Mikhail V.; Dashkovskiy, Petr K.; Graphodatsky, Alexander S.; Merts, Ilia; Merts, Viktor; Kasparov, Aleksei K.; Pitulko, Vladimir V.; Onar, Vedat; Oztan, Aliye; Arbuckle, Benjamin S.; McColl, Hugh; Renaud, Gabriel; Khaskhanov, Ruslan; Demidenko, Sergey; Kadieva, Anna; Atabiev, Biyaslan; Sundqvist, Marie; Lindgren, Gabriella; Lopez-Cachero, F. Javier; Albizuri, Silvia; Vukicevic, Tajana Trbojevic; Papesa, Anita Rapan; Buric, Marcel; Sikanjic, Petra Rajic; Weinstock, Jaco; Vilaro, David Asensio; Codina, Ferran; Dalmau, Cristina Garcia; de Llorens, Jordi Morer; Pou, Josep; De Prado, Gabriel; Sanmarti, Joan; Kallala, Nabil; Torres, Joan Ramon; Maraoui-Telmini, Boutheina; Franco, Maria-Carme Belarte; Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia; Zazzo, Antoine; Lepetz, Sebastien; Duchesne, Sylvie; Alexeev, Anatoly; Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav; Houle, Jean-Luc; Bayarkhuu, Noost; Turbat, Tsagaan; Crubezy, Eric; Shingiray, Irina; Mashkour, Marjan; Berezina, Natalia Ya.; Korobov, Dmitriy S.; Belinskiy, Andrey; Kalmykov, Alexey; Demoule, Jean-Paul; Reinhold, Sabine; Hansen, Svend; Wallner, Barbara; Roslyakova, Natalia; Kuznetsov, Pavel F.; Tishkin, Alexey A.; Wincker, Patrick; Kanne, Katherine; Outram, Alan; Orlando, Ludovic
  作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg; INRAE; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CEA; Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Saclay; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; INRAE; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Universite de Bordeaux; Institute for Anthropological Research Zagreb; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Universite Paris Saclay; AgroParisTech; INRAE; Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort (ENVA); Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Aarhus University; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Adam Mickiewicz University; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University; National Academy of Sciences Ukraine; Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Trinity College Dublin; Universidade do Algarve; Universidade Aberta; Universidade do Algarve; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; University of Exeter; University of Leicester; Leibniz Institut fur Zoo und Wildtierforschung; Humboldt University of Berlin; University of Milan; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Humanities & Social Sciences (INSHS); Universite Paul-Valery; Universite de Montpellier; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Ural Federal University; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences - Prague; University of York - UK; Vilnius University; Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University; Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; National University of Mongolia; Russian Academy of Sciences; Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Altai State University; Altai State University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Ankara University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of Copenhagen; Ibragimov Complex Research Institute; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; KU Leuven; University of Barcelona; University of Zagreb; University of Zagreb; Institute for Anthropological Research Zagreb; University of Southampton; University of Barcelona; Universite de Tunis; Institut National du Patrimoine; ICREA; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Institut Catala d'Arqueologia Classica (ICAC); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institucion Mila y Fontanals (IMF); Universidade de Lisboa; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Max Planck Society; Mongolian Academy of Sciences; Western Kentucky University; National University of Mongolia; National University of Mongolia; University of Oxford; University of Tehran; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Federal State Institution of Scientific Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Samara State University of Social Sciences & Education; Pompeu Fabra University; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC-UPF - Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (IBE); University of Basel; Abdul Wali Khan University; University of Copenhagen; Technical University of Denmark; University College Dublin
  摘要：Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility(1). However, the timeline between their domestication and their widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious(2-4). Here we assemble a collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 bce, through close-kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive...