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作者：Sun, Jennifer M.; Sunderland, Elsie M.
作者单位：Harvard University
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作者：Kim, Wonyoung; Whittle, Sarah; Zalesky, Andrew; Tian, Ye Ella
作者单位：University of Melbourne; University of Melbourne
摘要：Frontolimbic circuits connecting the frontal cortex with the amygdala and the hippocampus are critical for emotion and learning. These connections undergo major changes throughout childhood and adolescence, yet the principles guiding their maturation remain unclear. Analyzing large developmental cohorts, we show that fronto-hippocampus connectivity develops rapidly in early childhood and stabilizes thereafter. In contrast, fronto-amygdala connectivity becomes progressively differentiated from ...
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作者：Sollid, Ludvig M.
作者单位：University of Oslo; University of Oslo; University of Oslo; National Hospital Norway
摘要：Celiac disease (CeD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) share several key features. In both diseases HLA class II allotypes are the major genetic determinants, in both diseases there are antibodies to posttranslationally modified peptides (i.e., deamidated peptides in CeD and citrullinated peptides in RA) and in both diseases there are autoantibodies to enzymes that mediate these peptide modifications (i.e., transglutaminase 2 for CeD and peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 and 4 for RA). In CeD, recent ...
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作者：Vicidomini, Rosario; Han, Tae Hee; Hsieh, Wen-Chieh; Nguyen, Peter; Li, Jiefu; Giniger, Edward; Serpe, Mihaela
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
摘要：Robust homeostatic plasticity is essential for survival, enabling neuronal circuits to withstand destabilizing forces and restore function during critical challenges such as predator evasion or toxin exposure. Semaphorin/Plexin signaling is central to presynaptic homeostatic potentiation at central synapses and at neuromuscular junctions across species. However, our understanding of this pathway has remained incomplete, as secreted Semaphorins bind weakly to their Plexin receptors and require ...
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作者：Wohlenberg, Chloe M.; Monem, Parissa C.; Barbosa, Natalia; Frydman, Judith; Arribere, Joshua A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford Medicine; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Obstacles to translation elongation stall ribosomes and allow deleterious proteins to accumulate, which threatens cellular health. Cells recognize and clear stalled ribosomes via several interrelated pathways, although the mechanisms by which cells distinguish stalled from normally elongating ribosomes and mount an appropriate response are incompletely understood. While recent work highlights how ribosome collisions help cells to recognize stalled ribosomes, how other factors contribute to det...
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作者：Fernandez-Mosquera, Lorena; Eaton, Philip
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：Protein Kinase A (PKA) Regulatory RI alpha cysteine redox state regulates docking to D-AKAP1 and may control Drp1 phosphorylation, a principal mediator of mitochondrial fission. RI alpha C17S knock-in (KI) mice, unable to form disulfides and therefore mimicking the reduced kinase, exhibited enlarged dysfunctional mitochondria. Unexpectedly, this abnormal mitochondrial morphology, which was accompanied by reduced respiration, decreased membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species and i...
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作者：Kesharwani, Devesh; Karolak, Michele; Doucette, Chad; Mendola, Rachelle; Pray, Summer; Bhardwaj, Raghu; Su, Su; Harrington, Anne; DeMambro, Victoria; Rosen, Clifford; Liaw, Lucy; Brown, Aaron C.
作者单位：University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; Tufts University
摘要：Activation of beige adipocytes enhances energy expenditure and promotes metabolic health, presenting a promising approach for combating obesity and diabetes. As part of this process, thermogenesis, fueled by uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, plays a central role in converting calories into thermal energy, thereby preventing their storage as fat. Here, we identify exosome trafficking as an intrinsic regulator of thermogenic adipocyte function. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that m...
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作者：Liu, Ziwei; Padmanabhan, Krishnanand; He, Jingyan; Hector, Katrin; Semsch, Bettina; Sun, Jia; Knoflach, Viktoria; Giatrellis, Sarantis; Lorentz, Johan; Dallakyan, Khachatur; Goritz, Christian; Andersson, Emma Rachel; Marklund, Ulrika
作者单位：Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：How diverse cell lineages emerge and are genetically regulated during organogenesis are central questions in understanding the developmental origins of disease. However, the mouse gut, including its intrinsic enteric nervous system (ENS) derived from migratory neural crest, has remained difficult to experimentally target. Here, we introduce an in utero lentiviral nano-injection strategy that enables early and efficient access to progenitor cells of all major cell types within the developing gu...
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作者：Miranda, Eva; Ramos, Isaac
作者单位：Centre de Recerca Matematica (CRM); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：We show that two-dimensional billiard systems can simulate universal Turing machines. Billiards serve as idealized models of particle motion with elastic reflections and arise naturally as limits of smooth Hamiltonian systems under steep confining potentials, and as an exact reformulation of hard-sphere gas dynamics. By invoking the undecidability of the halting problem, originally established by Turing, our results show that undecidable trajectories arise in these physically natural billiard-...
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作者：Nair, Prashant
