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作者：Purcell, Zoe A.; Kobis, Nils; Samuel, Andrew; Bonnefon, Jean-Francois
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; Utrecht University; University of Duisburg Essen; Loyola University Maryland; Communaute d'universites et etablissements de Toulouse (Comue); Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：Prior work using controlled principal-agent experiments suggests two risks from delegating tasks to AI systems: Human principals are more likely to request profit-maximizing misconduct from AI agents than from human agents, and AI agents are more likely to comply. Here we test whether third-party observers can contain the resulting harm. In an incentivized die-reporting paradigm, principals instructed either a human or an AI agent how strongly to prioritize profit over accuracy, creating poten...
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作者：Rojo-Gonzalez, Javier; Slaughter, Charlotte G.; Collings, Peter J.; Kikkawa, Jay; Yodh, Arjun G.; Fernandez-Nieves, Alberto
作者单位：University of Barcelona; University of Barcelona; University of Pennsylvania; ICREA
摘要：We observe the formation of stable, magnetic field induced, alignment inversion walls, also called Helfrich walls, in nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) confined to a toroidal droplet with tangential anchoring at the boundaries. Walls are rare in NLCs due to their high energy compared to lower-dimensional defect structures. However, we find that Helfrich walls naturally form, transform, and migrate in this unconventional toroidal setting, generating intricate director-field configurations due to t...
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作者：Taff, Conor C.; Shipley, J. Ryan; Ardia, Daniel R.; Aborn, David; Albert, Lauren; Belisle, Marc; Belmaker, Amos; Berzins, Lisha L.; Blake, Tricia; Bonier, Frances; Brewer, Hannah C.; Butler, Michael W.; Cameron, Kyle; Case, Samuel B.; van Oordt, David Chang; Clark, Robert G.; Clotfelter, Ethan D.; Cox, Amelia R.; Dawson, Russell D.; Derryberry, Elizabeth P.; Bohorquez, Ana M. Diaz; Dunn, Peter O.; Ferretti, Valentina; Forsman, Anna M.; Fuirst, Matthew; Garant, Dany; Garrett, Daniel R.; Gutierrez, Jessica; Hagelin, Julie C.; Hardt, Braelei M.; Harris, Mercy E.; Horton, Kyle; Houle, Carolyne; Houtz, Jennifer L.; Jones, Patricia L.; Jordan, Kimberley C.; Kindel, Amanda S.; Klaver, Robert; Knutie, Sarah A.; Lauck, Katherine S.; Lombardo, Michael P.; Lougheed, Stephen C.; Love, Ashley C.; Mackenzie, Stuart A.; McCarty, John P.; McKellar, Ann E.; Mejia, Nicole; Morrissey, Christy A.; Nahom, Mia L.; Norris, D. Ryan; Para, Lillian M.; Pelletier, Fanie; Porter, Cody K.; Rendell, Wallace B.; Riddell, Eric A.; Rivers, James W.; Robertson, Raleigh J.; Rose, Alexandra; Rosvall, Kimberly A.; Ryan, Thomas A.; Shannon, Ryan P.; Shutler, Dave; Simons, Victoria F.; Stanback, Mark; Tarwater, Corey E.; Thorpe, Patrick A.; Tingley, Morgan W.; Tischer, Christine L.; Tonelli, Benjamin A.; Truan, Melanie L.; Twining, Cornelia W.; Uehling, Jennifer J.; Vleck, Carol; Vlec, David; Watson, Michael L.; Wheelwright, Nathaniel T.; Whittingham, Linda A.; Winkler, David W.; Youngflesh, Casey; Zimmer, Cedric; Vitousek, Maren N.
作者单位：Cornell University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWAG); University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee at Chattanooga; Indiana University System; Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE); Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University of Pennsylvania; University of Sherbrooke; Tel Aviv University; University of Saskatchewan; Queens University - Canada; University of Connecticut; Lafayette College; University of Wyoming; Princeton University; Amherst College; University of Northern British Columbia; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Milwaukee; University of Buenos Aires; Purdue University System; Purdue University; University of California System; University of California Davis; Iowa State University; University of California System; University of California Davis; Grand Valley State University; University System of Ohio; Miami University; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Omaha; University of Guelph; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; Hope College; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; Oregon State University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Acadia University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Clemson University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Iowa State University; Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE); West Chester University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Climate change is shifting when animals breed [C. Parmesan, G. Yohe, Nature 421, 37-42 (2003) and S. J. Thackeray et al., Nature 535, 241-245 (2016)], but it is not clear why some populations keep pace with warming while others fall behind [L. D. Bailey etal., Nat. Commun. 13, 2112 (2022) and J. M. Samplonius etal., Glob. Change Biol. 24, 3780-3790 (2018)]. Differences could arise from variation in sensitivity to temperature [L. D. Bailey et al., Nat. Commun. 13, 2112 (2022)] or constraints on...
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作者：Wan, Danyang; Lee, Ji-Eun; Park, Young-Kwon; Xie, Guojia; Maisto, Susanna; Agyapong, Christabelle; Ozato, Keiko; Gavrilova, Oksana; Ge, Kai
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD); National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
摘要：Adipose tissue is essential for maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis in mammals. However, epigenomic mechanisms underlying adipose tissue function remain largely unclear. Here, we identify the histone chaperone HIRA as an epigenomic regulator of adipose tissue function. Adipose tissue-specific knockout of Hira in mice impairs insulin sensitivity and restrains adipose tissue expansion during high-fat diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, HIRA is required for the expression of Adipoq, enco...
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作者：Auffhammer, Maximilian
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Dhingra, Yukti; Landick, Robert; Campbell, Elizabeth A.; Darst, Seth A.
作者单位：Rockefeller University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Rockefeller University
摘要：The nucleotide addition cycle (NAC) of multisubunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RNAPs) involves coordinated conformational changes in conserved active-site structural elements, including the trigger loop (TL). The TL is open (unfolded) in most RNAP structures but can close (fold) in substrate-bound (post- or pretranslocated) states of the RNAP, promoting catalysis. TL closure has been associated with closure of another conserved structural element, the Rim-Helices/F-loop (RH-FL), but the ro...
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作者：Liu, Xiangyang; Chen, Mingyi; Liu, Peitao; Niu, Haiyang; Sun, Yan; Chen, Xing-Qiu
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Metal Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS; Northwestern Polytechnical University
摘要：Phase transformation is a fundamental phenomenon in nature, vital for both the scientific understanding and industrial applications of materials. The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials introduces new physical attributes that challenge traditional phase transformation theories due to their reduced dimensionality. In monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), phase transformation is typically described as a martensitic process characterized by concerted atomic displacements. Ne...
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作者：Martins, Celso; Booth, Harry; Salat-Canela, Claudia; Hadjivasiliou, Zena; Vjestica, Aleksandar
作者单位：University of Lausanne; Francis Crick Institute; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London
摘要：Differences between partner gametes, which evolved repeatedly in eukaryotes, can contribute to the evolution of the sexes, sexual selection, and non-Mendelian inheritance. Yet, the empirical evidence for how functional asymmetries arise between initially equivalent gametes is limited. Here, we combine theoretical and experimental approaches in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to show how selective pressures acting concurrently on gametes and zygotes drive the evolution of gamete dif...
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作者：Yadav, Kush K.; Bhandari, Menuka; Mahsoub, Hassan M.; Park, Young Bin; Le, Huong Van; Choi, Jae Mun; Brown, Hannah M.; Rajashekara, Gireesh; Kenney, Scott P.; Meng, Xiang-Jin
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a leading cause of viral hepatitis globally, is associated with adverse outcomes during pregnancy. Despite its clinical significance, the mechanisms driving enhanced HEV replication during pregnancy remain poorly understood. In this study, we uncover a lipid-mediated pathway that facilitates HEV replication, with potential implications for pregnancy-associated pathogenesis. Lipidomic profiling reveals a marked upregulation of oleic acid during HEV infection in both hum...
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作者：Liang, Gaoyang; Nguyen, Hung V. -T.; Zhu, Jonathan; Tiriac, Herve; Zafar, Hadiqa; Cao, Daniel Y.; Estepa, Gabriela; Nelson, Dylan C.; Dai, Yang; Oh, Tae Gyu; Liddle, Christopher; Yu, Ruth T.; Hunter, Tony; Engle, Dannielle; Shaw, Reuben; Lowy, Andrew M.; Fan, Weiwei; Truitt, Morgan L.; Atkins, Annette R.; Johnson, Jeremiah A.; Downes, Michael; Evans, Ronald M.
作者单位：Salk Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Sydney; Westmead Institute for Medical Research; University of Sydney; Salk Institute
摘要：The DNA damage response (DDR) is critical for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development and therapeutic responses, including to genotoxic agents. While epigenetic modulators have been shown to contribute to the DDR, how chromatin regulation dictates responses to DNA damage in PDAC remains incompletely understood. Here, we identify Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) as critical regulators of the DDR. HDAC1/2 direct the genomic distribution of H3K27ac, ensuring sufficient BRD4 and RN...
