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作者：Harrison, Glenn W.; Ross, Don; Swarthout, J. Todd
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; University of Cape Town; University College Cork
摘要：The measurement of intelligence should identify and measure an individual's subjective confidence that a response to a test question is correct. Existing measures do not do that, nor do they use extrinsic financial incentive for truthful responses. We rectify both issues and show that each matters for the measurement of intelligence, particularly for women. Our results on gender and confidence in the face of risk have wider applications in terms of the measurement of competitiveness and financ...
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作者：Del Boca, Daniela; Flinn, Christopher; Verriest, Ewout; Wiswall, Matthew
作者单位：University of Turin; Collegio Carlo Alberto; New York University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We construct a dynamic model of child development where forward-looking parents and children jointly take actions to increase the child's cognitive and noncognitive skills within a Markov perfect equilibrium framework. In addition to time and money investments in their child, parents also choose whether to use explicit incentives to increase the child's self-investment, which may reduce the child's future intrinsic motivation to invest by reducing the child's discount factor. We use the estima...
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作者：Adusumilli, Karun
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We develop methods for inference following sequential experiments by studying the asymptotic properties of tests. We find that the large-sample power of any test can be matched by a test in a suitable limit experiment involving Gaussian diffusions. This establishes that a fixed set of statistics are asymptotically sufficient for testing; these are the number of times each treatment has been sampled and the final value of the score/efficient influence function process for each treatment. We als...
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作者：Menzio, Guido
作者单位：New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：I characterize markups in the search-theoretic model of imperfect competition of Burdett and Judd. A formula for the equilibrium distribution of markups is derived, showing how fundamentals affect the level of markups and their relationship to sellers' size. Anything goes theorems are derived, showing that any relationship between sellers' size and markups can be obtained in equilibrium. When competition is exogenous, equilibrium is efficient despite positive and heterogeneous markups. When co...
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作者：Cheema, Ali; Khwaja, Asim I.; Naseer, M. Farooq; Shapiro, Jacob N.
作者单位：Lahore University of Management Sciences; Harvard University; Lahore University of Management Sciences; Princeton University
摘要：Experimental evidence from Pakistan shows that distance poses a large and discontinuous access constraint: women with village-based training centers are four times more likely to access valued training opportunities. More than half of the travel penalty is incurred when crossing the village boundary. Exogenous stipend variation reveals that this boundary effect is costly to offset and is not explained by travel costs. Security considerations are an important factor: providing secure group tran...
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作者：Chernozhukov, Victor; Wuthrich, Kaspar; Zhu, Yinchu
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of London; University College London; Brandeis University
摘要：We propose a practical and robust method for making inference on average treatment effects estimated by synthetic controls. We develop a K-fold cross-fitting procedure for bias correction. To avoid the difficult estimation of the long-run variance, inference is based on a self-normalized t-statistic, which has an asymptotically pivotal t-distribution. Our t-test is easy to implement, provably robust against misspecification, and valid with stationary and nonstationary data. It demonstrates an ...
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作者：Gan, Tan; Wu, Nicholas
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Yale University
摘要：An informed seller designs a dynamic mechanism to sell an experience good. The seller has private information about product match, which affects the buyer's private consumption experience. The belief gap between both parties coupled with the buyer's learning yields mechanisms providing the skeptical buyer with limited access to the product and an option to upgrade if the buyer is swayed by a good experience. Depending on the seller's screening technology, this takes the form of free/discounted...
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作者：Cuddy, Emily; Currie, Janet
作者单位：Duke University; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Many mental health disorders start in adolescence, and appropriate initial treatment may improve trajectories. But what is appropriate treatment? We use a large national database of insurance claims to examine the impact of initial mental health treatment on the outcomes of adolescent children over the next 2 years, where treatment is either consistent with US Food and Drug Administration guidelines, consistent with looser guidelines published by professional societies (gray area prescribing),...
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作者：Caucutt, Elizabeth; Lochner, Lance; Mullins, Joseph; Park, Youngmin
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Bank of Canada
摘要：Families invest time, home goods/services, and market-based childcare in their children. We study these investments, focusing on the role of parental human capital and the substitutability of inputs in skill production. We develop a relative demand estimation strategy that uses intratemporal optimality to estimate the substitutability and relative productivity of inputs. We show how relative demand restrictions simplify and improve estimation of the dynamics of skill production. We estimate th...
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作者：Falk, Armin; Kosse, Fabian; Pinger, Pia
作者单位：University of Bonn; University of Wurzburg; University of Cologne
摘要：Inequality of opportunity occurs when children of equal academic performance are sent to different-quality schools because their parents differ in socioeconomic status. We demonstrate that children from low-socioeconomic status (SES) families are significantly less likely to enter the academic track, even after conditioning on prior school performance. We then provide causal evidence that a low-intensity mentoring program can improve the education outcomes of low-SES children and reduce inequa...
