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作者：Enke, Benjamin
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper studies the supply of and demand for moral values in recent US presidential elections. Using a combination of large-scale survey data and text analyses, I find support for the hypothesis that both voters and politicians exhibit heterogeneity in their emphasis on universalist relative to communal moral values and that politicians' vote shares partly reflect the extent to which their moral appeal matches the values of the electorate. Over the last decade, Americans' values have become...
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作者：Fang, Dawei; Noe, Thomas; Strack, Philipp
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; University of Oxford; Yale University
摘要：We study contests in which contestants are homogeneous and have convex effort costs. Increasing contest competitiveness, by making prizes more unequal, scaling up the competition, or adding new contestants, always discourages effort. These results have significant implications: although often criticized as evidence of laxity or cronyism, muting competition (e.g., adopting softer grading curves or less high-powered promotion systems) can both reduce inequality and increase output. Holding promo...
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作者：Berry, James; Fischer, Greg; Guiteras, Raymond P.
作者单位：University of Delaware; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; North Carolina State University
摘要：We use the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) mechanism to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for and heterogeneous impacts of clean water technology through a field experiment in Ghana. Although WTP is low relative to cost, demand is inelastic at low prices. Short-run treatment effects are positive throughout the WTP distribution. After 1 year, use and benefits are both increasing in WTP, with negative effects on low-WTP households. Combining estimated treatment effects with households' WTP implies...
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作者：Cavounidis, Costas; Lang, Kevin
作者单位：University of Warwick; Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We provide microfoundations for dynamic skill formation with a model of investment in multiple skills, when jobs place different weights on skills. We show that credit constraints may affect investment even when workers do not exhaust their credit. Firms may invest in their workers' skills even when there are many similar competitors. Firm and worker incentives can lead to overinvestment. Optimal skill accumulation resembles-but is not-learning by doing. An example shows that shocks to skill p...
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作者：Exley, Christine L.; Niederle, Muriel; Vesterlund, Lise
作者单位：Harvard University; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Women's reluctance to negotiate is often used to explain the gender wage gap, popularizing the push for women to lean in and negotiate more. Examining an environment in which women achieve positive profits when they choose to negotiate, we find that increased negotiations are not helpful. Women know when to ask: they enter negotiations resulting in positive profits and avoid negotiations resulting in negative profits. While the findings are similar for men, we find no evidence that men are mor...
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作者：Kuhn, Moritz; Schularick, Moritz; Steins, Ulrike I.
作者单位：University of Bonn; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper introduces a new long-run data set based on archival data from historical waves of the Survey of Consumer Finances. Studying the joint distribution of household income and wealth, we expose the central importance of portfolio composition and asset prices for wealth dynamics in postwar America. Asset prices shift the wealth distribution because of systematic differences in household portfolios along the wealth distribution. Middle-class portfolios are dominated by housing, while rich...
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作者：Brownback, Andy; Sadoff, Sally
作者单位：University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：In a field experiment, we examine the impact of performance-based incentives for community college instructors. Instructor incentives improve student exam scores, course grades, and credit accumulation while reducing course dropout. Effects are largest among part-time adjunct instructors. During the program, instructor incentives have large positive spillovers, increasing completion rates and grades in students' courses outside our study. One year after the program, instructor incentives incre...
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作者：Calvi, Rossella
作者单位：Rice University
摘要：Almost half of missing women in India are of postreproductive ages. Can intrahousehold gender inequality and asymmetry in poverty explain a portion of these missing women? Using a natural experiment, I link women's intrahousehold bargaining power to their mortality risk. Using a structural household model, I estimate the age profile of women's bargaining power and construct women's relative poverty rates. I find that women's bargaining power declines with age, with older women's poverty rates ...
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作者：Herrera, Helios; Ordonez, Guillermo; Trebesch, Christoph
作者单位：University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Political booms, measured by the rise in governments' popularity, predict financial crises above and beyond better known early warning indicators, such as credit booms. This predictive power, however, only holds in emerging economies. We argue that governments in developing countries have stronger incentives to ride unsound credit booms in order to boost their popularity, rather than implementing corrective policies that could prevent crises but are politically costly. We provide evidence of t...
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作者：Alexander, Diane
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：Billions of dollars have been spent on pilot programs searching for ways to reduce health care costs. I study one such program, in which hospitals pay doctors bonuses for reducing the total hospital costs of admitted Medicare patients. Doctors respond to the bonuses by becoming more likely to admit patients whose treatment can generate high bonuses and sorting healthier patients into participating hospitals. Conditional on patient health, however, doctors do not reduce costs or change procedur...
