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作者：Dehdari, Sirus H.; Gehring, Kai
作者单位：Uppsala University; University of Zurich
摘要：We study how more negative historical exposure to the actions of nation-states-like war, occupation, and repression-affects the formation of regional identity. The quasi-exogenous division of the French regions Alsace and Lorraine allows us to implement a geo-graphical regression discontinuity design at the municipal level. Using measures of stated and revealed preferences, we find that more negative experiences with nation-states are associated with a stronger regional identity in the short, ...
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作者：Mayda, Anna Maria; Peri, Giovanni; Steingress, Walter
作者单位：Georgetown University; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：This paper studies the impact of immigration to the United States on the vote share for the Republican Party using county-level data from 1990 to 2016. Our main contribution is to show that an increase in high-skilled immigrants decreases the share of Republican votes, while an inflow of low-skilled immigrants increases it. These effects are mainly due to the indirect impact on existing citizens' votes, and this is independent of the origin country and race of immigrants. We find that the poli...
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作者：Gendron-Carrier, Nicolas; Gonzalez-Navarro, Marco; Polloni, Stefano; Turner, Matthew A.
作者单位：McGill University; Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate the effect of subway system openings on urban air pollution. On average, particulate concentrations are unchanged by subway openings. For cities with higher initial pollution levels, subway openings reduce particulates by 4 percent in the area sur-rounding a city center. The effect decays with distance to city center and persists over the longest time horizon that we can measure with our data, about four years. For highly polluted cities, we estimate that a new subway system pro...
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作者：Stuart, Bryan A.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：This paper examines the long-run effects of the 1980-1982 recession on education and income. Using confidential census data, I estimate difference-in-difference regressions that exploit variation across counties in recession severity and across cohorts in age at the time of the recession. For individuals age 0-10 in 1979, a 10 percent decrease in earnings per capita in their county of birth reduces four-year college degree attainment by 15 percent and earnings in adulthood by 5 percent. Simple...
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作者：Gonzales, Mariella; Leon-Ciliotta, Gianmarco; Martinez, Luis R.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We study voters' response to marginal changes to the fine for electoral abstention in Peru, leveraging variation from a nationwide reform. A smaller fine has a robust, negative effect on voter turnout, partly through irregular changes in voter registration. However, representation is largely unaffected, as most of the lost votes are blank or invalid. We also show that the effect of an exemption from compulsory voting is substantially larger than that of a full fine reduction, suggesting that n...
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作者：Geruso, Michael; Spears, Dean; Talesara, Ishaana
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Inversions-in which the popular vote winner loses the election-have occurred in four US presidential races. We show that rather than being statistical flukes, inversions have been ex ante likely since the early 1800s. In elections yielding a popular vote margin within 1 point (one-eighth of presidential elections), about 40 percent will be inversions in expectation. We show this conditional probability is remarkably stable across historical periods-despite differences in which groups voted, wh...
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作者：Lopez, Carolina; Sautmann, Anja; Schaner, Simone
作者单位：Brown University; The World Bank; University of Southern California; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In an experiment in Mali, we tested whether patients pressure providers to prescribe unnecessary medical treatment. We varied patients' information about a discount for antimalarial tablets and measure demand for both tablets and costlier antimalarial injections. We find evidence of patient-driven demand: informing patients about the discount, instead of letting providers decide to share this information, increased discount use by 35 percent and overall malaria treatment by 10 percent. These m...
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作者：Hussam, Reshmaan; Rabbani, Atonu; Reggiani, Giovanni; Rigol, Natalia
作者单位：Harvard University; Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC; BRAC University
摘要：We test the predictions of the rational addiction model, reconceptualized as rational habit formation, in the context of handwashing in rural India. To track handwashing, we design soap dispensers with timed sensors. We test for rational habit formation by informing some households about a future change in the returns to daily hand washing. Monitoring and incentives raise handwashing contemporaneously, and effects persist well after they end. In addition, people are rational about this habit f...
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作者：Silliman, Mikko; Virtanen, Hanna
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：We study labor market returns to vocational versus general secondary education using a regression discontinuity design created by the centralized admissions process in Finland. Admission to the vocational track increases initial annual income, and this benefit persists at least through the mid-thirties, and present discount value calculations suggest that it is unlikely that life cycle returns will turn negative through retirement. Moreover, admission to the vocational track does not increase ...
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作者：Akerman, Anders; Leuven, Edwin; Mogstad, Magne
作者单位：Stockholm University; University of Oslo; Statistics Norway; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine how the adoption of information communication technology affects bilateral trade. The context is a public program in Norway that rolled out broadband access points leading to plausibly exogenous variation in the availability and adoption of broadband by firms. We find that broadband makes trade patterns more sensitive to distance and economic size. These results are consistent with a model of trade with variable elasticity of demand. The model predicts that adoption of a technology ...
