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作者：Le Pennec, Caroline
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：Politicians seeking to persuade voters may not always be able to say what they would like to say. Adopting policy positions opposite to that of their party or contradicting their previous policy announcements may be costly. I use computational text analysis on 30,000 candidate manifestos from two-round French elections to show that politicians take these costs into account, by toeing the party line and sticking to their platform, while also strategically adjusting their campaign communication ...
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作者：Duflo, Annie; Kiessel, Jessica; Lucas, Adrienne M.
作者单位：University of Delaware; Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA); University of Delaware; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We partnered with the Ghanaian government to simultaneously test four methods of increasing achievement-assistant-led remedial pull-out lessons, remedial after-school lessons, smaller class sizes and teacher-implemented partial day tracking-in schools with low and heterogeneous student achievement. The interventions increased student learning by about 0.1 standard deviations, rising to 0.4 standard deviations when adjusting for imperfect implementation, with no effects on attendance, grade rep...
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作者：Beattie, Graham
作者单位：Loyola Marymount University
摘要：It has been well documented that beliefs and actions can be affected by media coverage. In this paper, I study the effect of newspaper coverage of climate change on individual driving behaviour. I construct a measure of the tone of coverage based on comparisons between environmental and sceptical texts. I then use this measure, along with detailed information about driving patterns, to test whether households' travel decisions are affected by the coverage that they have recently received. I fi...
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作者：Hejkal, John; Ravikumar, B.; Vandenbroucke, Guillaume
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis
摘要：We develop a quantitative theory of mortality and population dynamics, emphasising individuals' decisions to reduce their mortality by adopting better health technology. Expanded use of this technology reduces the cost of adoption and confers a dynamic externality by increasing the future number of individuals who use the technology. Our model generates a diffusion curve whose shape dictates the pace of mortality reduction. The model explains historical trends in mortality rates and life expec...
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作者：Dvorak, Fabian; Fischbacher, Urs; Schmelz, Katrin
作者单位：University of Konstanz; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWAG); University of Konstanz; University of Konstanz; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Technical University of Denmark
摘要：We provide systematic insights on strategic conformist-as well as anti-conformist-behaviour in situations where people are evaluated, i.e., where an individual has to be selected for reward (e.g., promotion) or punishment (e.g., layoffs). To affect the probability of being selected, people may attempt to fit in or stand out in order to affect the chances of being noticed or liked by the evaluator. We investigate such strategic incentives for conformity or anti-conformity experimentally in thre...
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作者：Stuber, Robert
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi
摘要：Why are high monetary payments prohibited for certain goods, thereby causing shortages in their supply? I conduct (i) a framed field experiment with a general population sample and (ii) a survey experiment with this sample and with ethics committees. In the experiment, participants can prohibit others from being offered money to register as stem-cell donors. I document that, whereas the majority of participants do not respond to changes in the incentives (63%) or become more in favour of the o...
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作者：Burchardi, Konrad; de Quidt, Jonathan; Gulesci, Selim; Sulaiman, Munshi
作者单位：Stockholm University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Trinity College Dublin; Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC; BRAC University
摘要：We use a cash transfer to relax households' borrowing constraints, then elicit their willingness to pay for a remedial education programme offering tutoring and life skills training. Lottery losers were willing to pay 3,300 Tanzanian Shillings for the programme, which is 7% of per capita monthly expenditures. For those identified at baseline as able to borrow, willingness to pay increases by 3% upon winning a lottery prize of 3,200 Tanzanian Shillings. For those unable to borrow, willingness t...
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作者：Webb, Duncan
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Paris School of Economics
摘要：Early-life circumstances are important determinants of long-run human capital and well-being outcomes. The first 1,000 days of life are often cited as a 'critical period' for child development, but this notion has rarely been directly tested. In a setting where children are potentially subject to shocks in every year of their childhood, I estimate the impact of early-life weather shocks on adult cognitive and socioemotional outcomes for individuals born in rural Indonesia between 1988 and 2000...
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作者：Chakraborty, Priyanka; Serra, Danila
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：Decisions made by leaders please some people and upset others. We examine whether the possibility of backlash has a differential impact on men's and women's self-selection into leadership roles, and their decisions as leaders. In a laboratory experiment that simulates corporate decision-making, we find that women are significantly less likely to self-select into a leadership position when they can receive backlash. Once in a leadership role, women get more backlash. There are some gender diffe...
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作者：Mehmood, Sultan; Ali, Bakhtawar
摘要：We use data from Pakistan to establish a reciprocal exchange relationship between the judiciary and the government. We document large transfers in the form of expensive real estate from the government to the judiciary, and reciprocation in the form of pro-government rulings from the judiciary to the government. Our estimates indicate that the allocation of houses to judges increases pro-government rulings and reduces decisions on case merits. The allocation also incurs a cumulative cost of 0.0...
