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作者：Dimant, Eugen; Krieger, Tim; Meierrieks, Daniel
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Freiburg
摘要：How does anti-American terrorism in recipient countries respond to US military aid? Does aid protect United States interests abroad or does it have unintended consequences for US security? To answer these questions, we estimate the effect of US military aid on anti-American terrorism in recipient countries for a sample of 174 countries between 1968 and 2018. We find that higher levels of aid especially for military financing and education are associated with a higher likelihood of anti-America...
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作者：Dodini, Samuel; Lovenheim, Michael; Salvanes, Kjell; Willen, Alexander
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Cornell University
摘要：This paper extends the monopsony literature by taking a task-based approach and estimating the causal effect of concentration on labour market outcomes. Using detailed employer-employee data from Norway, we find that our job task-based measure shows lower degrees of concentration than conventional industry- and occupation-based measures. Exploiting mass lay-offs as exogenous shocks to local labour demand, we show that workers who experience mass separations in more concentrated markets have su...
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作者：de Barros, Andreas; Fajardo-Gonzalez, Johanna; Glewwe, Paul; Sankar, Ashwini
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of California System; University of California Irvine; The World Bank; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Minnesota Department of Health (MHD)
摘要：There is substantial emphasis on improving classroom practices, primarily through activity-based instruction, to increase the productivity of schooling. We study a large programme that seeks to promote mathematics learning in government primary schools in India. Through a cluster-randomised trial we find that the programme increased activity-based instruction, but yielded only muted impacts on learning. We provide a potential explanation: school value-added models suggest a negative relationsh...
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作者：Kirchmaier, Tom; Langella, Monica; Manning, Alan
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Copenhagen Business School
摘要：People care about crime, with the spatial distribution of both actual and perceived crime affecting the local amenities from living in different areas and residential decisions. The literature finds that crime tends to happen close to the offender's residence, but does not clearly establish whether this is because the location of likely offenders and crime opportunities are close to each other, whether more local crimes are likely to be solved or whether there is a high commuting cost for crim...
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作者：Blanga-Gubbay, Michael; Conconi, Paola; Parenti, Mathieu
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Oxford; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Paris School of Economics; INRAE
摘要：Using detailed information from lobbying reports filed under the Lobbying Disclosure Act, we construct a unique dataset that allows us to identify which firms lobby on free trade agreements negotiated by the United States, their positions (in favour or against) and their lobbying efforts on the ratification of each trade agreement. Using this dataset, we show that lobbying on free trade agreements is dominated by large multinational firms, which are in favour of these agreements. On the intens...
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作者：Orhun, Yesim; Cohn, Alain; Raymond, Collin B.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Cornell University
摘要：We provide field evidence that individuals engage in motivated optimism in the face of impending risk. Congruent with a dynamic anticipatory utility model, we demonstrate that belief distortions are time and stake dependent. Our study leverages variation in the time span between the survey and the externally imposed date when workers are required to return to their workplaces during the COVID-19 pandemic. We show that, as the work return date approaches, individuals become relatively more opti...
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作者：Draca, Mirko; Schwarz, Carlo
作者单位：University of Warwick; Bocconi University; University of Warwick
摘要：We investigate whether the ideological polarisation of citizens has increased in Western democracies. We propose a novel methodology to identify individual ideologies by applying latent Dirichlet allocation to political survey data. This approach indicates that questions related to confidence in institutions play a leading role in defining citizen ideologies, in addition to the questions associated with the traditional left-right scale. We decompose the shift in ideological positions across th...
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作者：Brailovskaya, Valentina; Dupas, Pascaline; Robinson, Jonathan
作者单位：Princeton University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Digital credit has expanded rapidly in Africa, with opaque loan terms amidst low consumer financial literacy. Rich data from Malawi shows substantial demand for a digital loan with a base interest rate of 10% over 15 days, yet most borrowers are not aware of loan terms, repay late and incur substantial late fees. Regression discontinuity analyses show no evidence that access to small digital loans harms consumers' perceived well-being. A short, randomised, phone-based financial literacy interv...
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作者：Jan, Priebe; Ute, Rink; Henry, Stemmler
作者单位：University of Gottingen; The World Bank
摘要：We investigate whether experiencing a disability incidence in the household affects economic risk preferences in Vietnam, leveraging (i) ten years of individual-level panel data and (ii) data from a lab-in-the-field experiment. We find that individuals who experience a disability event in the household behave in a more risk-averse manner than individuals without such an experience. Examining potential underlying mechanisms, we demonstrate that a household disability shock leads to lower wealth...
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作者：Kerkhof, Anna
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Many media outlets depend on advertising revenue to finance their operations, but the effect of advertising on media outlets' content choices is largely unexplored. This paper exploits two institutional features from YouTube to show that an exogenous increase in the feasible amount of advertising induces YouTubers to differentiate their video content from their competitors. A plausible mechanism is that YouTubers avoid competition: viewers typically perceive advertising as a nuisance and there...
