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作者：Cuong Viet Nguyen
作者单位：Vietnam National University Hanoi (VNU Hanoi) System
摘要：We provide evidence of the effect of term limits on the rent-seeking behavior of directors of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Vietnam by showing that these directors recruit substantially more employees just before retirement. We argue that a possible motive of these directors for the over-recruitment is to obtain bribes from employees, since the increase in employment is not associated with higher output, and the effect of these directors' last year in office on SOE labor is smaller in prov...
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作者：Wang, Feicheng; Milner, Chris; Scheffel, Juliane
作者单位：University of Gottingen; University of Nottingham; University of Nottingham; University of Leeds
摘要：This paper empirically investigates whether the nature of firm-level employment adjustment is affected by the flexibility of the labour market. Specifically, we take advantage of differences in local labour market conditions created by the non-uniform implementation of the hukou reform in China. Variations in the implementation across cities and time allow us to identify the employment effects of the reform by comparing firms in regions with hukou reform to those in regions without. Combining ...
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作者：Gouvea, Raphael; Girardi, Daniele
作者单位：Instituto de Pesquisa Economica Aplicada (IPEA); University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：We study the role of partisanship in shaping local fiscal policy in Brazilian cities in the 2004-2016 period. Using a regression-discontinuity design, we find no effect of left-wing mayors on the size of the city government. We find a modest but robust positive effect of approximately 0.6 percentage points on the social expenditures share, which translates in a small (approximately 1 percent) increase in social expenditure per capita. The impact of left-wing mayors on social spending is strong...
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作者：Okoye, Dozie
作者单位：Dalhousie University
摘要：This paper studies the links between changes in traditional communities, due to historical Christian missionary activities, and differences in interpersonal trust between Africans today. We use various data on Christian missions to show that missions are associated with lower levels of trust within countries formerly under British indirect rule, but increased trust for all other countries. This result is robust to a variety of confounders and fixed ethnic characteristics. Using data on native ...
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作者：Shapiro, Alan Finkelstein; Mandelman, Federico S.
作者单位：Tufts University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：We study how digital adoption by firms-a precursor to automation-shapes the labor market structure and worker outcomes in developing countries. Using a large sample of developing countries, we document a strong and negative link between firm digital adoption and self-employment rates. This relationship persists even after controlling for the level of development and other factors associated with the distinct employment structure of developing countries. In contrast, there is no link between di...
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作者：Chatterjee, Santanu; Lebesmuehlbacher, Thomas; Narayanan, Abhinav
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University System of Ohio; Xavier University; Reserve Bank of India
摘要：We use firm-level data on formal and informal production in India to examine the sectoral consequences of government investment in public infrastructure. Our results indicate that proximity to highway infrastructure, time since project completion, and firm size are important determinants of the sectoral effects of infrastructure on firm productivity. First, we show that while public capital is associated with a positive and significant output elasticity for formal sector firms, it has no syste...
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作者：Cappelli, Gabriele; Baten, Joerg
作者单位：University of Siena; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Historical evidence of numeracy on the African continent since the 18th century is presented for the first time based on a panel dataset of 43 African countries covering the periods before, during and after colonialism (1730?1970). Estimates of numeracy draw on the age-heaping methodology: we carefully discuss the potential biases and sources of measurement error concerning the use of this index for long-term analyses. These new estimates enable us to gain a better understanding of long-term A...
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作者：Hardy, Morgan; McCasland, Jamie
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; University of British Columbia
摘要：This paper reports on an experiment that brings insights from the literature on demand-side determinants of technology adoption to the study of peer-to-peer diffusion. We develop a custom weaving technique and randomly seed training into a real network of garment making firm owners in Ghana. Training leads to limited adoption among trainees, but little to no diffusion to non-trainees. In a second phase, we cross-randomize demand for the technique. Demand shocks increase adoption of the technol...
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作者：Chuang, Erica; Dupas, Pascaline; Huillery, Elise; Seban, Juliette
作者单位：Population Council; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po)
摘要：Social scientists seeking to analyze socially sanctioned behaviors or attitudes increasingly rely on indirect response survey methods, meant to veil the answers of individual respondents. We propose simple internal consistency tests for two such methods, the list experiment and the randomized response technique (its Warner and Crosswise variants). We implement these tests in two studies on sexual and reproductive health behavior in Cameroon and Co<^>te d'Ivoire. Non-compliance with instruction...
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作者：Eble, Alex; Frost, Chris; Camara, Alpha; Bouy, Baboucarr; Bah, Momodou; Sivaraman, Maitri; Hsieh, Pei-Tseng Jenny; Jayanty, Chitra; Brady, Tony; Gawron, Piotr; Vansteelandt, Stijn; Boone, Peter; Elbourne, Diana
作者单位：Columbia University Teachers College; Columbia University; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of Oxford; Ghent University
摘要：Despite large schooling and learning gains in many developing countries, children in highly deprived areas are often unlikely to achieve even basic literacy and numeracy. We study how much of this problem can be resolved using a multi-pronged intervention combining three interventions known to be separately effective. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in The Gambia evaluating a literacy and numeracy intervention designed for primary-aged children in remote parts of poor countries. The in...
