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作者：Gilboa, Itzhak; Samuelson, Larry; Schmeidler, David
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) Paris; Yale University; Yale University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Reichman University
摘要：We present a model of inductive inference that includes, as special cases, Bayesian reasoning, case-based reasoning, and rule-based reasoning. This unified framework allows us to examine how the various modes of inductive inference can be combined and how their relative weights change endogenously. For example, we establish conditions under which an agent who does not know the structure of the data generating process will decrease, over the course of her reasoning, the weight of credence put o...
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作者：Mariotti, Marco; Veneziani, Roberto
作者单位：University of St Andrews; University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：We study a principle of `Non-Interference' in social welfare judgements. Non-Interference captures aspects of liberal approaches (particularly a Millian approach) to social decision making. In its full generality, Non-Interference produces an impossibility result: together with Weak Pareto Optimality, it implies that a social welfare ordering must be dictatorial. However, interesting restricted versions of Non-Interference are compatible with standard social welfare orderings. (C) 2013 Elsevie...
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作者：Scheuer, Florian
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In many countries, taxes on businesses are less progressive than labor income taxes. This paper provides a justification for this pattern based on adverse selection that entrepreneurs face in credit markets. Individuals choose between becoming entrepreneurs or workers and differ in their skill in both of these occupations. I find that endogenous cross-subsidization in the credit market equilibrium results in excessive (insufficient) entry of low-skilled (high-skilled) agents into entrepreneurs...
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作者：Oyarzun, Carlos; Sarin, Rajiv
作者单位：University of Queensland; University of Birmingham
摘要：We study how learning shapes behavior towards risk when individuals are not assumed to know, or to have beliefs about, probability distributions. In any period, the behavior change induced by learning is assumed to depend on the action chosen and the payoff obtained. We characterize learning processes that, in expected value, increase the probability of choosing the safest actions and provide sufficient conditions for them to converge to the choices of risk averse expected utility maximizers. ...
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作者：Laraki, Rida; Mertikopoulos, Panayotis
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：Continuous-time game dynamics are typically first order systems where payoffs determine the growth rate of the players' strategy shares. In this paper, we investigate what happens beyond first order by viewing payoffs as higher order forces of change, specifying e.g. the acceleration of the players' evolution instead of its velocity (a viewpoint which emerges naturally when it comes to aggregating empirical data of past instances of play). To that end, we derive a wide class of higher order ga...
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作者：Miller, Alan D.
作者单位：University of Haifa; University of Haifa
摘要：I introduce a model of community standards relevant to the judicial determination of obscenity. Standards are defined as subjective judgments restricted only by a simple reasonableness condition. Individual standards are aggregated to form the community standard. Several axioms reflect legal concerns. These require that the community standard (a) preserve unanimous agreements, (b) become more permissive when all individuals become more permissive, and not discriminate, ex ante, (c) between ind...
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作者：Noor, Jawwad
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：In formalizing a 'veil of ignorance' type procedure, this paper considers how an agent's preferences over a set of alternatives change as he is placed at an increasing 'distance' from the consequences of his choices. A definition for such 'removed preferences' is presented and its properties studied. As an application, it is demonstrated that present biased agents are 'essentially' exponential when distanced from the present, and that rank-dependent expected utility agents are 'essentially' ex...
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作者：Qin, Cheng-Zhong; Yang, Chun-Lei
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Academia Sinica - Taiwan
摘要：We propose a framework of consistent finite-order priors to facilitate the incorporation of higher-order uncertainties into Bayesian game analysis, without invoking the concept of a universal type space. Several recent models, which give rise to stunning results with higher-order uncertainties, turn out to operate with certain consistent order-2 priors. We introduce canonical representations of consistent finite-order priors, which we apply to establish a criterion for determining the orders o...
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作者：Arawataria, Ryo; Ono, Tetsuo
作者单位：Nagoya University; University of Osaka
摘要：This paper develops a model where income inequality and intergenerational mobility are jointly determined via redistributive politics. The model includes two key factors: accessibility of tertiary education for poor-born agents and multiple self-fulfilling expectations of agents. Given these factors, the model provides predictions of cross-country differences in inequality and mobility consistent with empirical observations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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作者：Hosseini, Roozbeh; Jones, Larry E.; Shourideh, Ali
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We use a Barro-Becker model of endogenous fertility, in which parents are subject to idiosyncratic shocks that are private information (either to labor productivity or taste for leisure), to study the efficient degree of consumption inequality in the long run. The planner uses the trade-off between family size and future consumption and leisure, to provide incentives for workers to reveal their shocks. We show that in this environment, the optimal dynamic contract no longer features immiserati...
