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作者：SWENSON, CW
摘要：The effectiveness of the tax credit for research and experimentation (R&E) expenditures is examined using a panel of firm data for the period 1975 through 1988. Using a structural model, the results generally indicate that the credit resulted in increased R&E spending. However, the effect of the credit was substantially mitigated by the impacts of net operating loss carryovers and low growth opportunities. Results also indicate some degree of decreased R&E spending as a result of debt restruct...
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作者：TURNBULL, GK
摘要：The flypaper effect is the empirical observation that increases in intergovernmental aid stimulate greater local government expenditure than do increases in voter income. Fiscal illusion provides a widely accepted explanation for this asymmetry. Models of voter behavior under fiscal illusion typically assume that taxpayers consistently misperceive nonstochastic average for marginal tax prices. This paper develops an alternative framework in which rational voters recognize marginal tax prices b...
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作者：BUITER, WH; PATEL, UR
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：The paper studies the solvency of the Indian public sector and the eventual monetization and inflation that would be implied by stabilization of the debt-GNP ratio in the absence of changes in the primary deficit. The nonstationarity of the discounted public debt suggests that indefinite continuation of the pattern of behavior reflected in the historical time-series process is inconsistent with the maintenance of solvency. This message is reinforced by the recent behavior of the debt-GNP ratio...
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作者：TAYLOR, L
摘要：This paper models jurisdictions that compete for an industry by building infrastructure more rapidly than their identical neighbors. Such competition can waste resources. Lucrative 'prizes' - the tax revenues and the value of jobs that an incoming firm would provide - stimulate infrastructural spending and waste. Low initial levels of infrastructure discourage infrastructural competition. The paper urges a cautious approach toward federal subsidies of local expenditures on infrastructure.
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作者：KRISTOV, L; LINDERT, P; MCCLELLAND, R
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; United States Department of Labor
摘要：The simple pressure group model of political redistribution can predict more with less restrictive assumptions. Instead of ready-made pressure groups composed of individuals who vote their pocketbooks, we posit heterogeneous agents each of whom decides which group to join and how much effort to expend on political activity. Our model then examines 'social affinity' conditions that foster pressure group formation. Political sympathies based on social affinity imply testable effects of growth ra...
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作者：VALDMANIS, V
摘要：The research presented here applies the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to a sample of public (government-owned) and not-for-profit hospitals operating in Michigan in 1982. The focus of this research is twofold. First, assessing the relative efficiency between these two ownership types using the DEA rather than cost or profit functions can add insights into the production practices of these two ownership forms of hospitals. Second, testing the sensitivity of the DEA will add credence to this a...
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作者：STERN, N
摘要：This paper considers problems and issues that arise when we attempt to extend the static theory of taxation and production planning to a dynamic context and to combine that theory with theories of growth. The reasons dynamic theory is less developed include problems with the analytical tractability of even those dynamic models which attempt to retain the basic structure of the static model. Furthermore, difficult and interesting issues arise in a dynamic context which are either not present or...
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作者：ROTHSTEIN, P
摘要：State grants-in-aid modify the full fiscal income and tax price for education services faced by voters in local school districts. If aid is non-linear in the local property tax rate, as occurs with District Power Equalization coupled with an aid floor, then individual budget constraints are non-linear and least squares estimation is inappropriate. We develop and estimate a model that incorporates these effects, derive and extensively illustrate the comparative statics, present global and local...
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作者：CUBITT, RP
摘要：The claim that economic policy precommitment is advantageous is investigated in a context in which the welfare basis of the government's objectives is explicit. Three results are demonstrated, each one defining a class of welfare functions and a class of models such that precommitment would not raise welfare in models of that class. It is concluded that, if a purely welfare economic argument for precommitment is to be found, attention will have to be paid either to conflicts, asymmetries and d...
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作者：ZODROW, GR
摘要：This paper analyzes grandfather rules (GR) within the context of the 'optimal tax reform' problem and a reform that eliminates differential capital taxation. Two general conclusions are suggested. First, GR can be a very effective reform implementation tool. Appropriately structured GR can convert potential 'losers' from reform into gainers so that the reform becomes Pareto-improving; alternatively, GR can often be used to distribute the pins from reform more equitably. Second, GR should never...
