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作者：STERN, N
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作者：MITRA, PK
摘要：This paper develops the theory of design and reform of protective tariffs in a revenue-constrained small open economy characterized by learning-by-doing. It shows that revenue-raising requires wedges between consumer prices and shadow prices while protection, when typically not achievable via subsidies directly targeted towards factor market distortions, requires wedges between producer prices and shadow prices. Illustrative calculations in a modestly disaggregated general equilibrium model of...
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作者：BESLEY, T; COATE, S
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Princeton University
摘要：Welfare stigma is widely regarded to be of central importance in understanding the impact of welfare programs in their goal of alleviating poverty. It affects both the decision to take up benefits and the well-being of those who actually do. This paper develops alternative models of the determinants of welfare stigma. We identify two views: a statistical discrimination approach and a taxpayer resentment view. We discuss how each may be formalized and derive their implications. We then examine ...
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作者：AUERBACH, AJ; HASSETT, K
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：This paper derives and estimates models of nonresidential investment behavior in which current and future tax conditions directly affect the incentive to invest. The estimates suggest that taxes have played an independent role in affecting postwar U.S. investment behavior, particularly for investment in machinery and equipment. In addition, the paper develops a method for assessing the impact of tax policy on the volatility of investment when such policy is endogenous. Illustrative calculation...
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作者：HEADY, CJ; MITRA, PK
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper analyses commodity taxes in an economy where some production is centrally planned, and subject to price controls, and some is market determined. It shows that backward shifting of taxes can lead to significant distributional effects, and demonstrates how these lead to the modification of tax rules. The implications of these modifications are analysed using a numerical model based on Chinese data. Significant non-uniformity of tax rates is shown to be desirable in a case where standa...
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作者：IWAMOTO, Y
摘要：This paper clarifies the relation between the average and marginal effective tax rates using the notion of the change in Tobin's average q. The equation connecting the effective rates shows that corporate taxation can be represented by a mixture of two extreme tax rules; one being a distorting pure corporate tax and the other a nondistorting cash flow tax. The paper proposes new measures representing this feature.
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作者：NISHIMURA, K; ZHANG, JS
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); Kyoto University; Australian National University
摘要：Veall's (1986) model of public pensions is generalized to allow for endogenous fertility. We show that gifts to the old, which can be viewed as social security contributions, are always positive in the steady state. An optimal stationary allocation is sustainable if savings are zero and fertility is exogenous. However, the optimal allocation is in general not sustainable. In particular, if a government enforces a social security plan setting the pension level at the optimal gifts and individua...
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作者：KARP, L; LIVERNOIS, J
作者单位：University of Southampton; University of Guelph
摘要：The problem of using taxes to induce a monopolist supplier of a non-renewable resource to extract efficiently has been solved under the assumption that the government has perfect information about the monopolist's cost function and reserves and is able to precommit to an entire sequence of taxes over time. We extend this literature by constructing an efficiency-inducing tax mechanism that does not require the government to have any information about the cost function or reserves and which does...
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作者：GERSBACH, H
摘要：In this paper, the allocation of information by a two-stage voting procedure is discussed. We define and analyze the value of public information in this framework. We show that the median voter for the decision on the project is also the median voter on the information decision. Moreover, a majority always prefer the public disclosure of information. From a utilitarian view, the average costs of the project and the tax burden of the informationally indifferent voter determines the social desir...
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作者：NEWBERY, DM
摘要：Aggregate agricultural supply is price inelastic, but responsive to investment in agricultural infrastructure (irrigation, roads, research, extension). Thus, the government should tax agriculture and finance infrastructure. Although unlikely to pay for itself directly, it will increase taxable agricultural surplus, but by raising rural living standards, and therefore the supply price of urban labour, it reduces urban tax revenue. Its marginal social product is therefore overstated when measure...
