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作者：FORTIN, B; LACROIX, G
作者单位：Laval University
摘要：In this paper we extend the concept of marginal cost of public funds (MCF) to incorporate tax evasion in the labour market. MCF values are also computed from various tax reforms applied to the Province of Quebec (Canada 1985). For this purpose, a utility-based labour supply model that allows for both regular and irregular work activities is used. At the benchmark situation, the MCF associated with an increase in marginal income tax rates ranges between $1.39 and $1.53 depending upon whether we...
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作者：ABDALA, MA
摘要：In a country with permanent deficit-driven inflation problems, the proceeds from privatization may translate into potential reductions of the seigniorage needed to finance a given a level of government expenditure. The changes in welfare costs of inflation brought about by divestiture are quantified in a monetary model. In an Argentine case study, these changes were found to be small, both in terms of GDP and as a percentage of seigniorage revenue. Within the model, this is mainly explained by...
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作者：DEVEREUX, MP; KEEN, M; SCHIANTARELLI, F
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Exeter; Boston College
摘要：Theoretical work has emphasised the potentially powerful impact of corporation tax asymmetries on investment behaviour, but empirical work has mainly been confined to the measurement of effective tax rates. This paper uses panel data from 597 U.K. companies to ask: Are tax asymmetries important to understanding observed investment behaviour? An optimising investment model is developed and estimated both as a Q equation and a Euler equation in which the cost of capital appears. Careful modellin...
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作者：GAHVARI, F
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
摘要：In-kind and cash transfer programs are compared in their impacts on labor supply. It is demonstrated that labor supply is higher under an in-kind transfer program, if in-kind transfers and leisure are Hicks substitutes, leisure is normal, and in-kind transfers are 'over-provided'. It is further shown that under these conditions a one dollar increase in in-kind coupled with a one dollar cut in cash transfers increases tax revenues. Finally, the paper proves that weak separability of preferences...
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作者：ROTHSTEIN, P
摘要：Remarkably little is known about how to analyze the proposals and voting results from spending referenda when the votes are aggregated by jurisdiction and the proposals are different across jurisdictions. This paper presents a framework in which we can derive the voting equation, comparative statics, and links between reduced form and structural parameters that are implied by different models of the proposal-maker. It is then possible to use interjurisdictional proposal and voting information ...
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作者：BROWNING, EK
摘要：This paper argues that there are a large number of non-tax phenomena that have the effect of reducing input prices below marginal value products, just as do taxes on income. It is shown that the presence of the 'non-tax wedge' between the marginal value product of labor and the net wage is highly significant for the analysis of the total and marginal welfare costs of taxes. (Similarly, the presence of the tax wedge is significant for the analysis of the welfare effects of the non-tax phenomena...
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作者：PUDNEY, S; SUTHERLAND, H
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Leicester; University of Cambridge
摘要：We assess the statistical reliability of microsimulation models in two ways: by comparing simulated outcomes with survey 'actuals'; and by calculating asymptotic confidence intervals for a variety of summary measures. The confidence intervals we derive take account of re-weighting for differential survey response, and also the effects of imposing revenue-neutrality. They are calculated for a version of one of the most widely-used U.K. tax-benefit simulation models. The results suggest that bas...
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作者：CHAUDHURI, S; RAVALLION, M
作者单位：The World Bank; Princeton University
摘要：We investigate how well the most widely used static welfare indicators perform in identifying the chronically poor. We propose a normative measure of performance: the cost of a given impact on chronic poverty when transfers are contingent, upon a purely static indicator. Using longitudinal household data from rural India, we find that current consumption is not always a better indicator of chronic poverty than current income. Both, however, perform much better than other common indicators, suc...
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作者：CLAY, K
摘要：Although marginal cost pricing is necessary for welfare maximization, firms that produce under conditions of decreasing average cost incur losses if they price at marginal cost. In this paper, the Coase two-part tariff is extended to several cases of common costs by assessing surplus in order to recover the losses of the regulated natural monopolist; the existence of equilibria in these cases is demonstrated. Three models are considered in the context of an Arrow-Debreu private ownership econo...
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作者：BOVENBERG, AL; VANDERPLOEG, F
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Tilburg University; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam
摘要：Environmental and tax policies and the optimal provision of clean and dirty public goods are analysed within the context of a second-best framework of optimal taxation. Households consume both clean and dirty commodities. Degradation of the natural environment occurs due to the consumption of dirty private and public goods, but can be offset when the government engages in abatement activities. Increased environmental concern implies a higher dirt tax, a lower tax on labour, less employment, mo...
