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作者：SKEATH, SE; TRANDEL, GA
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：A literature that began with Wicksell (1896) has shown that an ad valorem tax is welfare superior to an equal-yield unit tax in both monopoly and oligopoly markets. This paper proves a stronger result: for any unit tax imposed on a monopoly, there exists an ad valorem tax that Pareto dominates it - that produces larger profit, tax revenue, and consumer surplus. The paper then considers whether this Pareto result generalizes to all Cournot-Nash oligopolies. The paper shows that Pareto dominance...
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作者：ECKSTEIN, Z; ZILCHA, I
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; Boston University
摘要：In this paper we consider an OLG model with productive capital and human capital affecting the quality of labor. In each generation parents invest in their children's education but disregard its external effect on the aggregate production function. Government intervention in providing compulsory schooling increases economic growth (along the equilibrium path), while the intragenerational income distribution becomes more equal. Also, in the long run, the majority of individuals in each generati...
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作者：STOLE, LA
摘要：Government mandated technology transfers from the developer of a product to a second source offer a potential gain of reduced information rents and procurement costs. To provide appropriate incentives, technology must sometimes be transferred even when the second source is less efficient than the first. Additionally, when developer moral hazard exists with respect to investments in cost-reducing technology, the optimal auction will make the developer's success in the auction more sensitive to ...
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作者：STRAWCZYNSKI, M
摘要：A subsequent generations model is used in order to characterize consumption allocation under the future generation's income uncertainty. Altruistic concerns towards future generations give rise to 'precautionary bequests' which act as a hedge on risk. It is shown that given a first-order correlation between mean future income and the present generation's income, government can provide a Pareto improvement through a tax-transfer policy with universal participation. This policy acts as a substit...
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作者：HELSLEY, RW; STRANGE, WC
摘要：This paper develops a model of exclusion and property rights. Consumers choose between legal and illegal use. A monopoly provider chooses a price for legal use, a fine for illegal use, and a level of monitoring to detect illegal use. This model features a continuum of exclusion regimes, instead of only the poles of private and public provision, as is typical. Since the necessity of enforcing property rights creates two classes of users, the provider is forced to price discriminate. Furthermore...
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作者：CARD, D; LEVINE, PB
作者单位：Wellesley College
摘要：We combine Current Population Survey micro data for 1979-1987 with a newly assembled database of tax rates for the U.S. unemployment insurance system to measure the effects of imperfect experience-rating on the incidence of unemployment. We find a strong negative association between the degree of experience-rating and the rate of temporary layoff unemployment, with the largest effect in recessionary years and the smallest effect in expansionary years. Increases in the degree of experience-rati...
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作者：JUNG, GR; KENNY, LW; LOTT, JR
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
摘要：This paper explains why rational, well-informed voters elect politicians with divergent platforms. Given well-defined constituencies and the costliness of any individual politician creating transfers across all interest groups, we show that different politicians from the same district can successfully represent vastly different constituencies and still have each politician producing the support-maximizing level of transfers. Our explanation focuses on how obtaining wealth transfers reduces suc...
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作者：SLEMROD, J; YITZHAKI, S; MAYSHAR, J; LUNDHOLM, M
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：We investigate two-bracket piecewise linear income tax structures. In a two-class economy, Pareto-efficient tax schedules of this type feature at least one marginal tax rate equal to zero, and that the marginal tax rate may be increasing and declining. We then investigate the optimal structure of taxation when the social welfare function, utility function and distribution of abilities are characterized as in the standard optimal linear income tax problem. In all cases the second marginal tax r...
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作者：FULLERTON, D; KARAYANNIS, M
摘要：The efficiency cost of capital misallocations between the corporate sector and the noncorporate sector is typically measured using statutory tax differences. Corporate-source income tax compliance is high because of third party reporting, however, while noncorporate rental income tax compliance is low. Differential evasion thus exacerbates statutory differences and enlarges the efficiency cost. To measure this effect, we build a numerical general equilibrium model where households simultaneous...
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作者：AGEE, MD; CROCKER, TD
作者单位：University of Wyoming; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：We construct an endogenous risk model of the influence of more precise hazard information on the parental demand for child health. A 256-observation data set is used to estimate the marginal value to parents and to society of risk information about the future consequences of children's body lead burdens. Our results indicate that the social value of risk information greatly exceeds the cost of providing it and that parents will purchase too little of this information.
