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作者：Knight, BG
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：This paper measures the effect of state-level supermajority requirements for tax increases on tax rates. Unobserved attitudes towards taxation tend to influence both the adoption of supermajority requirements and tax policy. Consequently, one cannot distinguish between the effect of these requirements and their correlation with these unobserved attitudes. A model is presented in which legislatures controlled by a pro-tax party adopt a supermajority requirement to reduce the majority party agen...
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作者：Okten, C; Weisbrod, BA
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：We estimate the responsiveness of donations to a number of economic variables, including price, advertising, and the availability of revenue from such other sources as government grants and program service sales. Utilizing a set of IRS data on individual nonprofit organizations in each of seven industries including hospitals and higher education - for the years 1982-1994, we find distinct overall patterns as well as notable variation across industries. A nonprofit organization's fundraising ex...
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作者：Börsch-Supan, A
作者单位：University of Mannheim
摘要：All across Europe, old age labor force participation has declined dramatically during the last decades. This secular trend coincides with population aging. The European social security systems therefore face a double threat: Retirees receive pensions for a longer time while there are less workers per retiree to shoulder the financial burden of the pension systems. This paper shows that a significant part of this problem is homemade: most European pension systems provide strong incentives to re...
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作者：Barrett, GF
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：The impact of educational attainment on the duration of welfare spells is analysed using a unique data set derived from the administration of the social assistance program in Canada over the period 1986-1993. The empirical analysis includes controls for demographic characteristics, program parameters, labour market conditions and unobserved individual characteristics. It is found that that educational attainment has a much greater impact on the welfare exit rate for women than for men. Additio...
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作者：Yelowitz, AS
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：This study provides evidence on health insurance decisions of senior citizens. Nearly all senior citizens have health insurance coverage through Medicare, but poor seniors may also qualify for Medicaid that fills many gaps in Medicare coverage. Since 1987, the Medicaid program has expanded eligibility. Using the SIPP, I find that Medicaid eligibility increased from 8.7% in 1987 to 12.4% in 1995. For every 100 elderly who became eligible, approximately 50 took up Medicaid, but more than 30 drop...
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作者：Treisman, D
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Why is corruption - the misuse of public office for private gain - perceived to be more widespread in some countries than others? Different theories associate this with particular historical and cultural traditions, levels of economic development, political institutions, and government policies, This article analyzes several indexes of 'perceived corruption' compiled from business risk surveys for the 1980s and 1990s. Six arguments find support. Countries with Protestant traditions, histories ...
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作者：Cowen, T; Glazer, A; Zajc, K
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; George Mason University
摘要：We reexamine the common argument that rules produce greater credibility than discretion. Rules limit the actions of agents, restricting observations of the agents' preferences or types. In a second-best world, where rules cannot be everlasting, a regime of discretion in some periods may produce superior credibility and dominate a regime of rules. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
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作者：Neumark, D; Powers, E
作者单位：Michigan State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Michigan State University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This paper studies pre-eligibility-age labor market disincentives created by the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. Asset and income limits might induce individuals nearing the eligibility age to work less. We exploit states' supplementation of federal. SSI benefits to estimate the effects of SSI on pre-retirement labor supply, using SIPP data. We find some evidence that generous SSI benefits reduce the pre-retirement labor supply land earnings) of men who are likely to participate in...
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作者：Bearse, P; Glomm, G; Janeba, E
作者单位：Michigan State University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：We present a model in which the crucial distinction between rich and poor countries is that governments in rich countries have access to a more productive tax collection technology than governments in poor countries. Since the tax collection technology in poor countries is poor, the quality of the public service is low. Therefore many households at the top of the income distribution opt out of the public service. The median voter takes this into consideration and allocates a larger share of th...
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作者：Corneo, G; Marquardt, M
作者单位：University Osnabruck; University of Bonn
摘要：We develop an overlapping-generations model that highlights the interaction between an unfunded pension program and an unemployment insurance program in the presence of a labor market with union wage-setting. Both programs are financed by earmarked proportional wage taxes levied on firms and their employees. The equilibrium path entails endogenous growth and involuntary unemployment. The presence of spillovers between pension programs and unemployment insurance programs has striking implicatio...
