-
作者：Lemieux, T; MacLeod, WB
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; University of Southern California
摘要：This paper presents results from a 1971 natural experiment carried out by the Canadian government on the unemployment insurance system. At that time, the generosity of the UI system was increased dramatically. We find some evidence that the propensity to collect UI increases with a first-time exposure to the new UI system. Hence, as more individuals experience unemployment, their lifetime use of the system increases. This supply side hysteresis effect may explain why unemployment has steadily ...
-
作者：Bennedsen, M
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School
摘要：Political involvement in the operation of an enterprise, whether it is private or state owned, creates opportunities fur interest groups to influence the allocation of resources. Resource allocation transfers rent both between unions and private owners within the firm and between these organized insiders and the disorganized taxpayers. I investigate how insiders' lobby activities distort resource allocation in a state owned enterprise. Then I show that efficiency in labour allocation is improv...
-
作者：Gaube, T
作者单位：University of Bonn
摘要：It is often argued that the optimal level of public good provision is below the first-best level as long as the government's expenditures have to be financed by distortionary taxes. I examine this hypothesis and show that it is correct in a representative consumer economy if (i) the public good is normal, and (ii) private commodities are normal and gross substitutes. Otherwise, counterexamples can be constructed. These results hold also with heterogeneous households provided that equity consid...
-
作者：Goolsbee, A; Maydew, EL
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：This paper investigates the economic impact of the apportionment formulae used to divide corporate income taxes among the states. Most apportionment formulae, by including payroll, turn the state corporate income tax at least partially into a payroll tax. Using panel data from 1978-1994, the results show that this distortion has an important effect on state-level employment. For the average state, reducing the payroll weight from one-third to one-quarter increases manufacturing employment arou...
-
作者：Rauch, JE; Evans, PB
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We argue that several easily identifiable structural features constitute the key ingredients of effective state bureaucracies and should help to predict ratings of bureaucratic performance: competitive salaries, internal promotion and career stability, and meritocratic recruitment. We collect a new dataset on these features for bureaucracies of 35 less developed countries. Controlling for country income, level of education, and ethnolinguistic diversity, we find that our measure of meritocrati...
-
作者：Zenou, Y
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech; Le Mans Universite
摘要：We study the role of unemployment in the context of the endogeneous formation of a monocentric city in which firms set efficiency wages to deter shirking. We first show that, in equilibrium, the employed locate at the vicinity of the city-center, the unemployed reside at the city-edge and firms set up in the city-center. We then show that there is a 'spatial mismatch' between location and jobs because the further away from jobs the unemployed, the larger the level of unemployment, Finally, we ...
-
作者：Goodspeed, TJ
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Hunter College (CUNY)
摘要：Does national taxation of a base influence the degree to which the local government will use the same tax base? Does the tax rate chosen by one local government influence the choices made by another local government? The theoretical answer to these questions is often in the affirmative because of vertical and horizontal externalities that result when several governments are operating at the same time in a fiscal system. However, little empirical information is available. This paper estimates t...
-
作者：Gordon, R; Nielson, SB
-
作者：Caplan, AJ; Cornes, RC; Silva, ECD
作者单位：Tulane University; Utah System of Higher Education; Weber State University; Keele University
摘要：We examine the non-cooperative provision of a pure public good by regional governments in a federation similar to the European Union, where regional governments are Stackelberg leaders and the central government is a Stackelberg follower - a federation with decentralized leadership. The center makes interregional income transfers after it observes the contributions to the pure public good. Imperfectly mobile workers react to regional and central governments' policies by establishing residence ...
-
作者：Scharf, KA
作者单位：University of Warwick
摘要：This paper asks whether there can be unanimous support for a fiscal constitution that includes tax expenditures for giving among the set of available fiscal instruments. We describe a political economy model of fiscal choices where individuals with different incomes vote over levels of proportional income taxation and over tax incentives for giving, and investigate how the availability of such incentives affects political equilibrium outcomes and welfare for different income groups. We find th...
